The antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection persists over at least 8 months in symptomatic patients

Levi, Riccardo; Ubaldi, Leonardo; Pozzi, Chiara; Angelotti, Giovanni; Sandri, Maria Teresa; Azzolini, Elena; Salvatici, Michela; Savevski, Victor; Mantovani, Alberto; Rescigno, María

doi:10.1038/s43856-021-00032-0

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Other studies considered anosmia and ageusia to be a single symptom. Such studies also found a significant positive relationship between anosmia/ageusia and persisting IgG seropositivity [14,15]. In the present study, isolated ageusia was not a statistically significant predictor of seropositivity (Table 1, Figure 1).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Relationship between Acute-Phase Symptoms and Immunoglobulin G Seropositivity up to Eight Months after COVID-19

et al. 2022

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Background and Objectives: Given the limited knowledge of antibody responses to COVID-19 and their determinants, we analyzed the relationship between the occurrence of acute-phase symptoms and infection-induced immunoglobulin (Ig) G seropositivity up to 8 months post-symptom onset. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 661 middle-aged unvaccinated healthcare workers (HCWs) were interviewed about the presence of symptoms during the acute phase of their previously confirmed COVID-19 and were tested for specific IgG, targeting the spike protein (S1 and S2). The dependence of seropositivity on the symptom occurrence was explored through multiple logistic regression, adjusted for the interval between symptom onset and serology testing, and through classification and regression trees. Results: A total of 551 (83.4%) HCWs showed seropositivity and, inversely, 110 (16.6%) HCWs were seronegative. The chance of IgG seropositivity was increased by dyspnea (odds ratio (OR) 1.48, p < 0.001) and anosmia (OR 1.52, p = 0.021). Fever in HCWs with dyspnea resulted in the highest detected seropositivity rate, and anosmia in HCWs without dyspnea significantly increased the proportion of seropositivity. Conclusion: Clinical manifestation of the acute phase of COVID-19 predisposes to the development of infection-induced antibody responses. The findings can be applied for assessing the long-term protection by IgG, and thus, for creating effective surveillance strategies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Relationship between Acute-Phase Symptoms and Immunoglobulin G Seropositivity up to Eight Months after COVID-19

et al. 2022

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“…The agreement in the detection of neutralizing antibodies is 94.4% [ 17 , 18 ]. This kit is comparable to other commercial kits such as euroimmun and Roche and has been used in other studies by authors such as Fabrizio Bonelli et al, Maria Teresa Sandri et al, Riccardo Levi et al [ 18 – 21 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Effect of the third dose of BNT162b2 vaccine on quantitative SARS-CoV-2 spike 1–2 IgG antibody titers in healthcare personnel

Romero-Ibarguengoitia

Rivera-Salinas

Hernández-Ruíz

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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Background Vaccination is our main strategy to control SARS-CoV-2 infection. Given the decrease in quantitative SARS-CoV-2 spike 1–2 IgG antibody titers three months after the second BNT162b2 dose, healthcare workers received a third booster six months after completing the original protocol. This study aimed to analyze the quantitative SARS-CoV-2 spike 1–2 IgG antibody titers and the safety of the third dose. Material and methods A prospective longitudinal cohort study included healthcare workers who received a third booster six months after completing the BNT162b2 regimen. We assessed the quantitative SARS-CoV-2 spike 1–2 IgG antibody titers 21–28 days after the first and second dose, three months after the completed protocol, 1–7 days following the third dose, and 21–28 days after booster administration. Results The cohort comprised 168 participants aged 41(10) years old, 67% of whom were female. The third dose was associated with an increase in quantitative antibody titers, regardless of previous SARS-CoV-2 history. In cases with a negative SARS-CoV-2 history, the median (IQR) antibody titer values increased from 379 (645.4) to 2960 (2010) AU/ml, whereas in cases with a positive SARS-CoV-2 history, from 590 (1262) to 3090 (2080) AU/ml (p<0.001). The third dose caused a lower number of total (local and systemic) adverse events following immunization (AEFI) compared with the first two vaccines. However, in terms of specific symptoms such as fatigue, myalgia, arthralgia, fever, and adenopathy, the proportion was higher in comparison with the first and second doses (p<0.05). The most common AEFI after the third BNT162b2 vaccine was pain at the injection site (n = 82, 84.5%), followed by fatigue (n = 45, 46.4%) of mild severity (n = 36, 37.1%). Conclusion The third dose applied six months after the original BNT162b2 regimen increased the quantitative SARS-CoV-2 spike 1–2 IgG antibody titers. The booster dose was well tolerated and caused no severe AEFI.

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“…The results were reported as follows: <12.0 AU/ml was considered negative, 12.0 to 15.0 AU/ml was indeterminate, and > 15 AU/ml was positive. This kit is comparable with other commercial kits and has been used elsewhere (8)(9)(10)(11).…”

Section: Primary Outcome Igg Determinationmentioning

confidence: 96%

Analysis of immunization time, amplitude, and adverse events of seven different vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 across four different countries

Romero-Ibarguengoitia

González-Cantú

Pozzi

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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BackgroundScarce information exists in relation to the comparison of seroconversion and adverse events following immunization (AEFI) with different SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Our aim was to correlate the magnitude of the antibody response to vaccination with previous clinical conditions and AEFI.MethodsA multicentric comparative study where SARS-CoV-2 spike 1-2 IgG antibodies IgG titers were measured at baseline, 21-28 days after the first and second dose (when applicable) of the following vaccines: BNT162b2 mRNA, mRNA-1273, Gam-COVID-Vac, Coronavac, ChAdOx1-S, Ad5-nCoV and Ad26.COV2. Mixed model and Poisson generalized linear models were performed.ResultsWe recruited 1867 individuals [52 (SD 16.8) years old, 52% men]. All vaccines enhanced anti-S1 and anti-S2 IgG antibodies over time (p<0.01). The highest increase after the first and second dose was observed in mRNA-1273 (p<0.001). There was an effect of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection; and an interaction of age with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, Gam-COVID-Vac and ChAdOx1-S (p<0.01). There was a negative correlation of Severe or Systemic AEFI (AEs) of naïve SARS-CoV-2 subjects with age and sex (p<0.001); a positive interaction between the delta of antibodies with Gam-COVID-Vac (p=0.002). Coronavac, Gam-COVID-Vac and ChAdOx1-S had less AEs compared to BNT162b (p<0.01). mRNA-1273 had the highest number of AEFIs. The delta of the antibodies showed an association with AEFIs in previously infected individuals (p<0.001).ConclusionsThe magnitude of seroconversion is predicted by age, vaccine type and SARS-CoV-2 exposure. AEs are correlated with age, sex, and vaccine type. The delta of the antibody response only correlates with AEs in patients previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2.Registration numberClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT05228912.

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The antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection persists over at least 8 months in symptomatic patients

Cited by 12 publications

References 31 publications

Relationship between Acute-Phase Symptoms and Immunoglobulin G Seropositivity up to Eight Months after COVID-19

Relationship between Acute-Phase Symptoms and Immunoglobulin G Seropositivity up to Eight Months after COVID-19

Effect of the third dose of BNT162b2 vaccine on quantitative SARS-CoV-2 spike 1–2 IgG antibody titers in healthcare personnel

Analysis of immunization time, amplitude, and adverse events of seven different vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 across four different countries

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