The antimicrobial activity of modern mouthwashes

Grenby, T.H.; Saldanha, M G

doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.4805463

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The reduction may be due to the active principle contained in the Macleans mouth rinse which makes cetylpyridinuim chloride CPC), a quaternary ammonium compound one of the most potent active agents in a mouth rinse. This noteworthy finding in the Macleans group is consistent with previous Investigations (Ashley et al, 1984;Grenby et al, 1984;Krammer et al, 1998;Jenkins et al, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Efficacy of different brands of mouth rinses on oral bacterial load count in healthy adults

Akande¹,

Alada²,

Ga³

et al. 2010

African Journal of Biomedical Research

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Efficacy of different brands of mouth rinses on oral bacterial load count in healthy adults

Akande¹,

Alada²,

Ga³

et al. 2010

African Journal of Biomedical Research

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“…There were signs of some very slight microbial activity in formulations I, 3, 11 and 12 (Table 3), but these were insignificant in comparison with microbial acid, protein and polysaccharide production in the absence of the antiseptics and flavouring acids (formulations 9 and 10, Table 3). The results therefore did not show which antiseptics were most powerful against dentaI plaque micro-organisms, but earlier studies of the efficacy of mouthwashes indicated that quaternary ammonium compounds and cationic surfactants generally showed greater anti-microbial action than traditional phenolic antiseptics (9).…”

Section: Sweetenermentioning

confidence: 73%

Dental properties of antiseptic throat lozenges formulated with sugars or Lycasin

Grenby

1995

J Clin Pharm Ther

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Thirteen different formulations of throat lozenges were examined for their acidity, demineralizing action on hydroxylapatite, and fermentability by human dental plaque micro-organisms. Their flavouring acids gave them low pH values in the range 2.6-3.7, leading to the dissolution of calcium and phosphorus from hydroxylapatite. The combination of antiseptics and flavouring acids in the lozenges inhibited microbial growth and metabolism. In the absence of any antiseptics and flavouring acids, the growth and metabolic activity of cultures of plaque micro-organisms were significantly greater on sucrose+glucose lozenges than on a new Lycasin formulation.

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“…Modem toothpastes and mouthwashes routinely contain agents which are claimed to possess some antimicrobial activity (Grenby and Saldanha, 1984). A problem faced by manufacturers is to be able to substantiate these claims and to decide from in vitro tests which agents may work best in vivo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mixed-culture Chemostat System to Predict the Effect of Anti-microbial Agents on the Oral Flora: Preliminary Studies using Chlorhexidine

McDermid¹,

McKee²,

Marsh³

1987

J Dent Res

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A mixed-culture chemostat system, composed of nine bacterial species representative of plaque in health and disease, has been assessed as an improved laboratory method of evaluating the likely in vivo effects of antimicrobial agents used in dentistry. The advantages of the system include reproducibility, the long-term stable cultivation of bacteria under controllable conditions, and repeated sampling, for bacteriological and biochemical studies, without disrupting the stability of the community. The effects of (i) the continuous provision of chlorhexidine (CHX) and (ii) three pulses of CHX (final concentration in both experiments = 0.24 mmol/L) on the composition of the chemostat communities were monitored. Only L. casei survived the continuous provision of CHX; the other bacteria were killed and were lost at different rates which generally corresponded to their known sensitivities to CHX. After each CHX pulse, the numbers of bacteria fell markedly. Again, L. casei was least affected, while A. viscosus, B. intermedius, and F. nucleatum were temporarily undetectable but returned to their original levels within 2-4 generation times. Counts of S. mutans were affected more by CHX than those of S. sanguis or S. mitior. The effect of successive pulses of CHX on the viability of some bacteria and on acid production (as measured by pH-fall experiments) decreased, suggesting that adaptation to CHX had occurred. The fact that the in vitro observations paralleled previous clinical findings suggests that the mixed-culture system could be used as a predictive model of the probable effect on the oral flora of new anti-microbial agents prior to expensive trials in animals or human volunteers.

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The antimicrobial activity of modern mouthwashes

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Efficacy of different brands of mouth rinses on oral bacterial load count in healthy adults

Efficacy of different brands of mouth rinses on oral bacterial load count in healthy adults

Dental properties of antiseptic throat lozenges formulated with sugars or Lycasin

A Mixed-culture Chemostat System to Predict the Effect of Anti-microbial Agents on the Oral Flora: Preliminary Studies using Chlorhexidine

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