The antimicrobial effects and mechanism of ε-poly-lysine against Staphylococcus aureus

Tan, Zhi-Jie; Shi, Yifei; Xing, Bei; Hou, Ying; Cui, Jiandong; Jia, Shiru

doi:10.1186/s40643-019-0246-8

Cited by 88 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…(Poly-ε-lysine) (ε-PL) (PLS) is a naturally created antibacterial homopolypeptide of 25–30 L-lysine residues that is stable in basic and acidic environments as well as at high temperatures [ 21 , 22 ]. Moreover, it is biodegradable, water-soluble, edible, non-toxic, and has broad-spectrum antibacterial properties [ 21 , 23 ]. Polylysine has therefore recently been incorporated into resin composites with remineralising agents [ 22 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Novel Antibacterial Composites on Bacterial Biofilms

Yaghmoor

Xia

Ashley

et al. 2020

JFB

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Continuing cariogenic bacterial growth demineralizing dentine beneath a composite filling is the most common cause of tooth restoration failure. Novel composites with antibacterial polylysine (PLS) (0, 4, 6, or 8 wt%) in its filler phase were therefore produced. Remineralising monocalcium phosphate was also included at double the PLS weight. Antibacterial studies involved set composite disc placement in 1% sucrose-supplemented broth containing Streptococcus mutans (UA159). Relative surface bacterial biofilm mass (n = 4) after 24 h was determined by crystal violet-binding. Live/dead bacteria and biofilm thickness (n = 3) were assessed using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). To understand results and model possible in vivo benefits, cumulative PLS release from discs into water (n = 3) was determined by a ninhydrin assay. Results showed biofilm mass and thickness decreased linearly by 28% and 33%, respectively, upon increasing PLS from 0% to 8%. With 4, 6, and 8 wt% PLS, respectively, biofilm dead bacterial percentages and PLS release at 24 h were 20%, 60%, and 80% and 85, 163, and 241 μg/disc. Furthermore, initial PLS release was proportional to the square root of time and levelled after 1, 2, and 3 months at 13%, 28%, and 42%. This suggested diffusion controlled release from water-exposed composite surface layers of 65, 140, and 210 μm thickness, respectively. In conclusion, increasing PLS release initially in any gaps under the restoration to kill residual bacteria or longer-term following composite/tooth interface damage might help prevent recurrent caries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Novel Antibacterial Composites on Bacterial Biofilms

Yaghmoor

Xia

Ashley

et al. 2020

JFB

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“…The predominance of red-fluorescent cells confirms that the growth inhibition is due to the bactericidal effect of the peptide and not only a bacteriostatic effect. In order to study the effects of EPL on S. aureus cell membrane, Tan et al showed that after EPL treatment there was a remarkable increase in fluorescence intensity measured by propidium iodide assay indicating an increase in cell membrane permeability 37 . When S. aureus cells were treated with 250 μg/ml of EPL, the cells appeared collapsed, lysed and with non-integral cell morphology 37 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to study the effects of EPL on S. aureus cell membrane, Tan et al showed that after EPL treatment there was a remarkable increase in fluorescence intensity measured by propidium iodide assay indicating an increase in cell membrane permeability 37 . When S. aureus cells were treated with 250 μg/ml of EPL, the cells appeared collapsed, lysed and with non-integral cell morphology 37 . Similar results were obtained after treating E. coli cells with 50 μg/ml of EPL for 4 h. They observed that the external membrane and cytoplasm were damaged, surrounded by cell debris and with wrinkled appearance 25 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All these observations confirm that EPL can adsorb on the surface of the microbe membrane resulting in physical damage to the cell. The previous reports showed that EPL can affect the cell membrane permeability and compromise their viability 25,37,38 . The EPL mechanism of action assures that the microorganism does not easily develop resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial activity of Epsilon-Poly-l-lysine against phytopathogenic bacteria

Rodrigues

Morais

Zaini

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Antimicrobial peptides (AMps) are components of immune defense in many organisms, including plants. they combat pathogens due to their antiviral, antifungal and antibacterial properties, and are considered potential therapeutic agents. An example of AMp is epsilon-poly-l-lysine (epL), a polypeptide formed by ~ 25 lysine residues with known antimicrobial activity against several human microbial pathogens. EPL presents some advantages such as good water solubility, thermal stability, biodegradability, and low toxicity, being a candidate for the control of phytopathogens. Our aim was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of EPL against four phytobacterial species spanning different classes within the Gram-negative phylum Proteobacteria: Agrobacterium tumefaciens (syn. Rhizobium radiobacter), Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (X. citri), and Xanthomonas euvesicatoria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the peptide ranged from 80 μg/ml for X. citri to 600 μg/ml for R. solanacearum and X. euvesicatoria. Two hours of MIC exposure led to pathogen death due to cell lysis and was enough for pathogen clearance. The protective and curative effects of EPL were demonstrated on tomato plants inoculated with X. euvesicatoria. Plants showed less disease severity when sprayed with EPL solution, making it a promising natural product for the control of plant diseases caused by diverse proteobacteria. Phytobacteria constitute an important group of plant pathogens that reduce yields of valuable crops. They are easily disseminated and can spread quickly, causing severe bacterial infections that are difficult to control 1. Globally, the estimate is that 20-30% of crops are lost annually due to plant diseases 2. Proteobacteria is a diverse group comprising many important phytopathogenic bacteria that negatively impact agricultural production worldwide 3. In terms of scientific and economic importance, Ralstonia solanacearum, Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Xanthomonas axonopodis pathovars are considered the second, third and sixth most relevant phytobacteria, respectively 4,5. R. solanacearum is the causative agent of bacterial wilt, the main vascular disease of bacterial etiology in the world, and one of the most destructive diseases for over 200 plant species. Yield losses can reach 90% in tomato and potato crops, and 30% in tobacco 5,6. A. tumefaciens (updated scientific name Rhizobium radiobacter) is responsible for causing crown gall, one of the most important plant diseases of grape, cherry, walnut, woody and herbaceous perennials, as well as roses and other ornamentals 7-9. Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri is also an important pathogen that causes citrus canker, one of the most severe diseases of all commercially important citrus varieties leading to enormous yield loss, increasing production costs due to control and prevention 10-12. Xanthomonas euvesicatoria is the causal agent of bacterial spot and can reduce the yield of tomato and pepper up to 50%, through reduced photosynthetic capacity and defol...

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“…26 The mechanism of action of pɛK previously described involves disruption of the cell membrane and the cell wall. 27,28 Cross-linking pɛK with a dicarboxylic acid using carbodiimide chemistry results in a transparent hydrogel with excellent mechanical properties that can be cast into a CL and is nontoxic to corneal epithelial cells. 26 PɛK hydrogels, therefore, have the potential to be used as a bandage CL.…”

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confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Activity of Poly-epsilon-lysine Peptide Hydrogels Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Kennedy

Deshpande

Gallagher

et al. 2020

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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To determine the antimicrobial activity of poly-epsilon-lysine (pɛK) functionalization of hydrogels against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. METHODS. Antimicrobial activities of pɛK and pɛK+ hydrogels were tested against both keratitis and a laboratory strain of P aeruginosa at a range of inocula sizes, over 4 and 24 hours. The number of viable CFU on pɛK and pɛK+ hydrogels or commercial contact lenses (CL) was investigated. Ex vivo porcine corneas were inoculated with P aeruginosa PAO1 (10 3 CFU) and incubated with pɛK+ hydrogels or commercial hydrogel CL for 24 hours and the effects of infection determined. RESULTS. PɛK+ hydrogels showed log reductions in viable CFU compared with pɛK hydrogels for all P aeruginosa strains, depending on inocula sizes and incubation time. After 24 hours pɛK+ hydrogels showed >5 and >7.5 log reduction in CFU compared with commercial hydrogel CL at 10 3 and 10 6 CFU, respectively. In an ex vivo porcine corneal infection model, pɛK+ hydrogels led to a significant decrease in viable PAO1 CFU and histologic analysis indicated a decreased infiltration of PAO1 into the stroma. CONCLUSIONS. PɛK+ hydrogels demonstrated enhanced antimicrobial activity versus nonfunctionalized pɛK hydrogels against clinically relevant P aeruginosa strains. PɛK+ hydrogels have the potential to be used as a bandage CL with innate antimicrobial characteristics to minimize the risk of microbial keratitis.

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The antimicrobial effects and mechanism of ε-poly-lysine against Staphylococcus aureus

Cited by 88 publications

References 31 publications

Effect of Novel Antibacterial Composites on Bacterial Biofilms

Effect of Novel Antibacterial Composites on Bacterial Biofilms

Antimicrobial activity of Epsilon-Poly-l-lysine against phytopathogenic bacteria

Antimicrobial Activity of Poly-epsilon-lysine Peptide Hydrogels Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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