The antioxidant defense capacities and histological alterations in the livers and gills of two fish species, Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus, as indicative signs of the Batts drain pollution

Abstract

The impacts of the Batts drain on two chronically exposed fish (O. niloticus and C. gariepinus) were assessed using multiple biomarkers. Concentrations of metals in water and sediments (Cu, Zn, Fe, Cd, Pb, and Al) showed significant elevations near the Batts discharges (site 2) compared to the reference site (site 1). The liver and gills of fish collected from site 2 showed marked elevations in the catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels. In addition, significant reductions in glutathione-reduced contents were also recorded. Tissue and species-specific antioxidant responses were associated with excessive generations of reactive oxygen species, which were visualized fluorescently. Various histological alterations were observed in the gills and livers of both species. These alterations varied between compensatory responses (ex: epithelial thickening and lifting) and irreversible damage (ex: necrotic degeneration). Based on the level of lipid peroxidation and the frequency of histopathological modifications, O. niloticus demonstrated greater resistance to the same level of pollution than C. gariepinus. Using integrated biomarkers to evaluate the real impacts of untreated discharges of the Batts drain is applied for the first time on the selected fish species at the studied sites.

Is the trend toward a sustainable green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles completely safe for Oreochromis niloticus when compared to chemical ones?: using oxidative stress, bioaccumulation, and histological biomarkers

“…The GPx elevation was also reported by Abd El-Atti et al ( 2019 ) in the hepatic tissues of crayfish ( Procambarus clarkia ) after exposure to CuO NPs at different concentrations. The increase in responses of CAT and SOD accompanied a large increase in the activities of GPx, demonstrating that the SOD/CAT protection system could not remove the extreme ROS, and GPx contribution was required (Moussa et al 2022 ). Abdel-Latif et al ( 2021 ) noticed that fish were responding normally to protect themselves from the effects of CuO NPs-induced oxidative damage in their organs after observing that SOD, CAT, and GPx genes were significantly upregulated in the liver and gills of O. niloticus after exposure to 20 and 50 mg/L of CuO NPs.…”

Detoxification of groundwater pollutants from Al Jifara plain (Libya) using naturally synthesized chitosan: Histological and antioxidant status in Wistar Rats

“…Using untreated groundwater resulted in several histopathological changes, including infiltration of red blood cells, intra-luminal exfoliation of epithelial cells, and vascular congestion in renal tissues in addition to degeneration in hepatocytes, peri-portal inflammation, and cytoplasmic vacuolization in hepatic tissues. The elevated level of metallothioneins (MTs) generation in kidney and liver cells, which progressively develops a chelate with metals to avoid potential harm, maximized the xenobioticrenal cells and hepatocyte interaction (Moussa et al, 2022). Red blood cells occupying renal and hepatic interstitial spaces suggests that cellular membrane structural integrity has been lost.…”