The Antioxidant Properties of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and Its Biochemical, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Pathological Effects on Nicotine-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Rat Liver

Raeeszadeh, Mahdieh; Beheshtipour, Javad; Jamali, Rozhin; Akbari, Abolfazl

doi:10.1155/2022/2691577

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…However, their safety and protective against should also be asses against organic Hg compounds as well. 52,53 Nrf2 is an important regulator of cellular resistance to oxidants. Nrf2 controls the basal and stimulated expression of a number of antioxidant response element-dependent genes to regulate the physiological and pathophysiological consequences of oxidant exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the toxic effects of thimerosal and/or aluminum hydroxide in SH-SY5Y cell line

et al. 2022

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In this study, we aimed to evaluate possible toxic effects of thimerosal, aluminum and combination of thimerosal and aluminum in SH-SY5Y cells. Inhibitory concentrations were determined by MTT assay; reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined by a fluorometric kit and antioxidant/oxidant parameters were measured by spectrophotometric kits. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-associated factor 2 (Nrf2), norepinephrine (NE), dopamine transporter (DAT) and dopamine beta β-hydroxylase (DBH) levels were measured by sandwich ELISA kits while 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and dopamine levels were determined by competitive ELISA kits. Thimerosal (1.15 μM) and aluminum (362 μM) were applied to cells at inhibitory concentrations 20 (IC20s) for 24 h. ROS increased significantly in cells aluminum- and aluminum+thimerosal-treated cells. Glutathione levels decreased in aluminum group while total antioxidant capacity and protein oxidation levels increased significantly in aluminum and aluminum+thimerosal groups. Lipid peroxidation increased significantly in groups treated with aluminum and aluminum+thimerosal. Nrf2 levels and DNA damage were significantly higher in all groups while dopamine levels significantly increased in cells treated with thimerosal and aluminum+thimerosal, DAT levels were found to be higher in all experimental groups compared to the control. These findings showed that both thimerosal and aluminum can change oxidant/antioxidant status, cause DNA damage, alter dopamine and DAT levels. Changes seen in cells treated with combined exposure to aluminum and thimerosal are more pronounced. Special care should be taken while vaccinating sensitive populations and safer alternatives for aluminum and thimerosal should used.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, their safety and protective against should also be asses against organic Hg compounds as well. 52,53…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the toxic effects of thimerosal and/or aluminum hydroxide in SH-SY5Y cell line

et al. 2022

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“…The antioxidant effect of Medicago sativa L.(alfalfa) ethanolic extract against mercury chloride (HgCl2) toxicity in rat liver and kidney has been reported 38 . Alfalfa ( M. sativa L.) has been revealed to paly a protective role in nicotine‐induced rat liver injury 39 . Liu et al found that sea buckthorn polysaccharide extract, a natural antioxidant, protected against LPS/ d ‐GalN‐induced ALF in mice by inhibiting TLR4‐NF‐κB signaling 40 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calycosin inhibits hepatocyte apoptosis in acute liver failure by suppressing theTLR4/NF‐κBpathway: An in vitro study

Chang

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2023

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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Background Acute liver failure (ALF) is a serious liver disease that is difficult to treat owing to its unclear pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the roles and molecular mechanisms of calycosin (CA) in ALF. Methods In this study, the roles and mechanism of CA in ALF were explored using an in vitro lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced ALF cell model. Additionally, 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)−2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to assess the effect of CA on the activity of LPS‐induced L02 human liver epithelial cells, and flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis in L02 cells. Expression levels of apoptosis‐related genes, Bax and Bcl‐2, were measured using reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Expression levels of inflammatory factors in LPS‐induced L02 cells were measured using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Additionally, the effect of CA on ALF was inhibited via transfection of a toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4)‐plasmid to elucidate the relationship between CA and TLR4/nuclear factor (NF)‐κB signaling pathway in ALF. Results CA had no toxic effects on L02 cells, but enhanced the activity of LPS‐induced L02 cells in a dose‐dependent manner. Apoptosis and inflammatory factor release was increased in ALF, activating the TLR4/NF‐κB signaling pathway. However, CA treatment inhibited the apoptosis and release of inflammatory factors. Further mechanistic studies revealed that the upregulation of TLR4 expression reversed the alleviating effects of CA on inflammation and apoptosis in LPS‐induced L02 cells. Conclusion CA alleviates inflammatory damage in LPS‐induced L02 cells by inhibiting the TLR4/NF‐κB pathway and may be a promising therapeutic agent for ALF treatment.

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“…A part of blood with anticoagulant was used to measure the hematology parameters of white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), emoglobin (Hgb), Hematocrit (HCT), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH). The other part was used to separate serum by centrifugation at 5000 rpm for 10 minutes to measure oxidative stress (glutathione peroxidase [GPx], malondialdehyde [MDA], and total antioxidant capacity [TAC]) and liver biochemical (aspartate transaminase [AST], alanine transaminase [ALT], and alkaline phosphatase [ALP]) parameters [ 17 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Effect of the Active Substance of Thyme with N‐Acetyl Cysteine on Hematological Parameters and Histopathological Changes of Bone Marrow and Liver in Rat Models of Acetaminophen Toxicity

Mokhtari

Raeeszadeh

Akradi

2023

Analytical Cellular Pathology

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Acetaminophen has always been at the center of attention as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which is generally associated with the serious side effects on liver and the hematological parameters. This study aimed to compare the effect of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and thyme extract on rat models of acetaminophen-induced toxicity. The present experimental study was conducted on 48 Wistar rats randomized into six groups, including the control group (no treatment); the Ac group (470 mg/kg of acetaminophen); the Ac + 100Ex, Ac + 200Ex, and Ac + 400Ex groups (acetaminophen + thyme extract at doses of 100, 200, 400 mg/kg); and Ac + NA group (acetaminophen + NAC). After weighing, a blood sample was taken from heart at the end of the period. The measured parameters were hematological, liver biochemical, and oxidative stress profiles. A part of the liver tissue was also fixed for the pathological examinations. The bone marrow was aspirated to check for cellular changes as well. The lowest mean of the final weight and liver weight to body weight ratio was observed in the Ac group. Weight loss was compensated in Ac + NA and Ac + 200Ex groups ( P = 0.035 ). White blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), Hemoglobin (Hgb), and Hematocrit (HCT) in Ac and Ac + 400Ex groups showed significant differences from those of the other test groups ( P < 0.001 ). Aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymes in Ac + 200Ex and Ac + NA groups showed a significant decrease compared to those of the other treatment groups ( P = 0.043 ). Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) had the lowest levels in Ac and Ac + 400Ex groups, while malondialdehyde (MDA) had the highest content. In this regard, the liver histopathological indices (necrosis, hyperemia, and hemorrhage) in the Ac + 200Ex and Ac + NA groups reached their lowest grades in the treatment groups. The mean number of erythroid and myeloid cells in the Ac group reached the lowest ( 17.40 ± 3.48 ). The microscopic appearance of the bone marrow cells was different from normocytosis in the control group to hypocytosis in the Ac and Ac + 400Ex groups. Thymol, as an effective ingredient in thyme extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg compared to NAC, had a unique effect on reducing bone marrow and liver cell-tissue changes due to the acetaminophen toxicity.

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The Antioxidant Properties of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and Its Biochemical, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Pathological Effects on Nicotine-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Rat Liver

Cited by 18 publications

References 75 publications

Evaluation of the toxic effects of thimerosal and/or aluminum hydroxide in SH-SY5Y cell line

Evaluation of the toxic effects of thimerosal and/or aluminum hydroxide in SH-SY5Y cell line

Calycosin inhibits hepatocyte apoptosis in acute liver failure by suppressing theTLR4/NF‐κBpathway: An in vitro study

Comparative Effect of the Active Substance of Thyme with N‐Acetyl Cysteine on Hematological Parameters and Histopathological Changes of Bone Marrow and Liver in Rat Models of Acetaminophen Toxicity

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