The antioxidant responses of gills, intestines and livers and blood immunity of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to salinity and temperature stressors

Dawood, Mahmoud A.O.; Alkafafy, Mohamed; Sewilam, Hani

doi:10.1007/s10695-022-01052-w

Cited by 40 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In aquaculture, alterations in the spectrum can trigger oxidativereductive reactions in crustaceans, leading to fluctuations in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the levels of oxidative products [12,19]. Among these, SOD and MDA serve as vital markers for the antioxidant capacity of aquatic organisms [30,31]. The findings from our experiment reveal that the SOD activity of juvenile redclaw crayfish under green, blue, and white light spectra is markedly lower compared to that under the red light spectrum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Effects of Light Spectrum on Survival, Growth, Physiological, and Biochemical Indices of Redclaw Crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) Juveniles

Huang,

Nie,

Wei

et al. 2024

Aquaculture Research

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The spectrum is a key environmental factor, and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can influence the growth and development of crustaceans by altering the composition of the spectrum. This study conducted a 30-day experiment to investigate the effects of five LED spectra (red, yellow, blue, green, and white light) on the growth, antioxidant and immune enzyme activities, stress hormone levels, and the expression of α-amylase (α-AMY), ecdysone receptor (EcR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) genes in juvenile redclaw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus). The results show that the survival rate of juveniles is markedly higher in the yellow and red-light groups than in the other three groups (P<0.05). The green light group exhibits the lowest survival rate, yet it demonstrates the highest weight gain rate and specific growth rate. Regarding enzyme activity and hormone levels, the yellow light group shows the lowest malondialdehyde content, with higher superoxide dismutase and acid phosphatase activity than the other groups; no significant differences are observed in lysozyme activity among the groups (P>0.05). The melatonin content in the green and blue light groups is significantly higher than that in the other three groups (P<0.01). In terms of growth gene expression, the expression of α-AMY, EcR, and RXR in juvenile C. quadricarinatus is regulated by the spectrum. In conclusion, when raised under the yellow light spectrum, juvenile C. quadricarinatus displays elevated survival rates, rapid growth, and robust antioxidant and immune defenses. This study provides important technical parameters for optimizing and enhancing the industrial cultivation of juvenile C. quadricarinatus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Effects of Light Spectrum on Survival, Growth, Physiological, and Biochemical Indices of Redclaw Crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) Juveniles

Huang,

Nie,

Wei

et al. 2024

Aquaculture Research

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“…Similarly, we are aware of only one study investigating the combination of salinity and temperature. In this study, Dawood and colleagues [ 122 ] demonstrate that hypersalinity in common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ), a freshwater fish, reduced antioxidative indices (SOD, CAT, GPx), lysozyme and respiratory burst activity. Additional acute heat stress further exaggerated this immunosuppression, indicating a synergistic effect of these two stressors.…”

Section: Interactive Effects Of Multiple Climate Change-related Stres...mentioning

confidence: 66%

“…In freshwater fish, salinity levels beyond their physiological limits naturally lead to an impairment of the immune response, and to lowered survival in response to infection [ 121 , 122 ]. Moderate (up to 10 ppt, control 0.4 ppt, physiological maximum 15 ppt [ 123 ]) chronic (20 days) hypersalinity increased lysozyme and alternative complement pathway activity in striped catfish ( Pangasianodon hypophthalmus ) [ 121 ] (see electronic supplementary material, table S1).…”

Section: Environmental Stressorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are fish immunocompetent enough to face climate change?

Franke,

Beemelmanns,

Miest

2024

Biol. Lett.

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Ongoing climate change has already been associated with increased disease outbreaks in wild and farmed fish. Here, we evaluate the current knowledge of climate change-related ecoimmunology in teleosts with a focus on temperature, hypoxia, salinity and acidification before exploring interactive effects of multiple stressors. Our literature review reveals that acute and chronic changes in temperature and dissolved oxygen can compromise fish immunity which can lead to increased disease susceptibility. Moreover, temperature and hypoxia have already been shown to enhance the infectivity of certain pathogens/parasites and to accelerate disease progression. Too few studies exist that have focussed on acidification, but direct immune effects seem to be limited while salinity studies have led to contrasting results. Likewise, multi-stressor experiments essential for unravelling the interactions of simultaneously changing environmental factors are still scarce. This ultimately impedes our ability to estimate to what extent climate change will hamper fish immunity. Our review about epigenetic regulation mechanisms highlights the acclimation potential of the fish immune response to changing environments. However, due to the limited number of epigenetic studies, overarching conclusions cannot be drawn. Finally, we provide an outlook on how to better estimate the effects of realistic climate change scenarios in future immune studies in fish.

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“…The blood total protein, albumin, and globulin levels were markedly reduced in fish exposed to ammonia, high salinity (15 ppt), and both of them. Under high salinity conditions, common carp (Dawood et al 2022a ) showed reduced blood proteins. The oxidative stress induced by ammonia and high salinity results in loss of appetite malnutrition, thereby reducing protein metabolism in the fish’s entire body (Zarantoniello et al 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined effects of water salinity and ammonia exposure on the antioxidative status, serum biochemistry, and immunity of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Dawood,

Gewaily,

Sewilam

2023

Fish Physiol Biochem

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Growing Nile tilapia in brackish water showed promising results, but the possibility of ammonia exposure can interrupt health status and productivity. Herein, the study tested the combined effects of water salinity and ammonia exposure on the antioxidative status, serum biochemistry, and immunity of Nile tilapia. Fish were assigned to eight groups where fish were reared in saline water (5, 10, and 15 ppt) with continuous or intermittent (every 3 days) total ammonia (TAN) exposure (5 mg TAN/L) (2 × 4 factorial design). After 30 days, the water salinity, TAN, and their interaction were markedly (P < 0.05), affecting the growth performance (final weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate) and survival rate of Nile tilapia. The growth performance and survival rate were markedly lower in tilapia grown in 15 ppt with continuous TAN exposure than in the remaining groups. The results showed that fish exposed to higher salinity levels (10 and 15 ppt) and continuous TAN exposure had a more robust antioxidative response, as evidenced by higher superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the homogenates of the gills, intestines, and livers. The gills were notably affected, with congestion of primary filaments blood vessels and degeneration or shedding of secondary filaments epithelium, especially at salinity levels of 10 and 15 ppt. Additionally, the intestines displayed hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration of intestinal mucosa at 5–10 ppt salinity, degeneration and sloughing of the intestinal epithelium at 15 ppt saline water, and increased goblet cell number at salinity of 10 ppt. The study found that continuous TAN exposure had a more significant impact on the fish, especially at higher salinity levels. Water salinity, TAN, and their interaction significantly affected all measured blood bio-indicators (total, albumin, globulin, ALT, AST, creatinine, urea, glucose, and cortisol levels). The phagocytic activity and index were markedly lowered in fish reared in 15 ppt with continuous TAN exposure, while the lysozyme activity was decreased in fish grown in 5, 10, and 15 ppt with continuous TAN exposure. In conclusion, Nile tilapia showed the possibility of growth with normal health status in brackish water (5–10 ppt); however, continuous TAN exposure can impair the productivity of tilapia, especially with high salinity (15 ppt).

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The antioxidant responses of gills, intestines and livers and blood immunity of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to salinity and temperature stressors

Cited by 40 publications

References 54 publications

Effects of Light Spectrum on Survival, Growth, Physiological, and Biochemical Indices of Redclaw Crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) Juveniles

Effects of Light Spectrum on Survival, Growth, Physiological, and Biochemical Indices of Redclaw Crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) Juveniles

Are fish immunocompetent enough to face climate change?

Combined effects of water salinity and ammonia exposure on the antioxidative status, serum biochemistry, and immunity of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

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