The Antioxidative Impact of Dietary Vinegar and Rocket Salad on the Productivity, Serum Oxidation System, and Duodenal Histology of Chickens

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to investigate the ameliorative effect of dietary rocket salad and apple cider vinegar on the oxidative stress (OS) status of broilers. Specifically, 720 Ross 308 chicks were divided into six groups: negative and positive controls (NC and PC with and without additives, Vi1 and V12 experimental groups fed with diets mixed with 5 and 10 mL of vinegar/kg, and Ro1 and Ro2 groups fed with diets mixed with 2 and 3 g of rocket salad/kg, respectively). The experimental groups Vi1 and Vi2 were fed with feed mixture moisturized with 5 and 10 mL of vinegar/kg, and Ro1 and Ro2 were fed with 2 and 3 g of rocket salad/kg, respectively. The birds’ productivity, oxidative serum parameters, and morphometric indices of the gastrointestinal tract were registered at 6 weeks of rearing. The vinegar or rocket salad additive had powerful potentials to significantly suppress (p ≤ 0.05) OS through improving the birds’ survivability, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and carcass yield. The highest villus height and villus height/crypt depth ratio of the duodenum were achieved by Vi2, Ro1-2, and NC (p ≤ 0.05). The villus surface area and muscular layer thickness were smallest in the PC, while they did not differ significantly in other groups (p > 0.05). Similar relationships were found in serum superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, hydroperoxide, and malondialdehyde; however, higher doses of both additives were more effective. It seems that liquid vinegar and rocket salad could have beneficial influences on the antioxidant status of birds.

Alleviating the oxidative stress in Japanese quails fed L- carnitine and creatine monohydrate through impacts on productive performance, ileal microflora, digestibility and redox system

“…Meanwhile, T5 was superior to T3 in improve FCR which explain the synergistic effect of Car instead of its individual using in diet for secretory stimulation of digestive enzymes involving trypsin, amylase, lipase and chymotrypsin in small intestine which markedly elevate the resbsorption of essential minerals for physiological process in quails body (Abdel-Fattah et al, 2014). High amount of water intake in T3, T4 and T5 could be speculated that any reason causes the toxic or stressful stimulation may lead to increase water consumption as attempt to palliate the OS and decrease levels of the prooxidant (LA) retained in tissues by accelerate its excretion through liver and 92 kidney (Mehrotra et al, 2008) and this result was recently confirmed by Al-Shammari and Batkowska (2021). Thus, there was increased relative weight of liver in those groups (Table 3).…”

“…From present results of stress indicators shown in Table 6 there were enhanced GPx, SOD, CAT, GSH, and FRAP levels and lowered LOOH, MDA, cortisol levels for quails in T5 and T4 followed by T3 in comparison to T2 which might interpret to a great extent the improved results in productive performance, ileal microbiome and nutrients digestibility. Similarly, growing body of evidence referred that was a reduction in blood antioxidant potential by reduction of antioxidative enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx) and FRAP with increased levels of lipid peroxidations markers (MDA, LOOH) in stressed birds by lead acetate (Al-Shammari, 2017;Al-Shammari and Batkowska, 2021) or H 2 O 2 (Al-Shammari et al, 2019a;Al-Shammari et al, 2019b). Impaired redox status and negative stress markers in T2 could be linked to detrimental impact of lead to increase expression levels of caspase-3 and caspase-9 (apoptotic proteins) in vivo that responsible for apoptosis and breaking down functional proteins in hepatic tissue of quails (Arslan et al, 2022) and this could explain in turn the impairment in blood biochemical profile in T2 (Table 7).…”

“…The treatments included a control treatment with no stress and feed additives (T1), stressed treatment which stimulated by 2.5 ppm lead acetate (LA) in drinking water (T2); whereas the other stressed treatments were involved adding 2.5 ppm LA in drinking water plus adding 500 mg/kg L-carnitine (Car) (T3), 500 mg/kg creatine monohydrate (CrM) (T4) and mixture of 250 mg/kg Car and 250 mg/kg CrM (T5) in diet. LA was in commercial powder form (99% purity, Lab Tech Chemicals, Germany) used as stressful substance (pro-oxidant factor) in drinking water to provoke the OS in vivo experimentally (Mehrotra et al, 2008;Al-Shammari, 2017;Al-Shammari and Batkowska, 2021). The prepared LA solution was added to drinking water and kept in tightly closed big plastic container to preserve its oxidative purity and offered to birds daily.…”

“…OS is resulted by high production of free radicals and other reactive species with lowering of antioxidant protection or imbalanced mechanism between the antioxidant and pro-oxidants (redox) in live organisms (Est´evez, 2015;Surai, 2016). The maintenance of multiple physiological reactions and their biochemical pathways which involved immune homeostasis, gene expression and cell signaling is depended upon redox balance in body system of birds (Landy and Kavyani, 2013;Surai et al, 2019;Al-Shammari and Batkowska, 2021). The major injurious consequences of OS are represented by functional damaging of essential elements such as DNA, proteins, carbohydrates and lipid membranes in cells.…”

Effect of adding Eruca sativa in common carp on growth criteria, feed utilization and chemical composition

“…The leaves, oil, and seeds of the medicinal plant Eruca sativa have been used for a variety of therapeutic purposes since ancient times. It heals stomach and urinary diseases and enhances bile secretion, liver function, and digestion (8)(9)(10)(11). This plant is notable for its high content of crude protein and fat, as well as its abundance in vitamins E, C, and K, carotenoids, minerals, Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences, Vol.…”