The antitumor mechanisms of aerobic exercise: A review of recent preclinical studies

Jia, Ningxin; Zhou, Yanan; Dong, Xueyi; Ding, Meng

doi:10.1002/cam4.4169

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…In contrast, acute exercise is aimed at transiently enhancing blood flow to the tumor, thereby reducing hypoxia [ 46 ]. Aerobic exercise regulates AMPK signaling, PI3K/Akt signaling, Th1/Th2 cytokine balance related to immunity, PD-1/PD-L1 immunosuppressive signaling, and related cytokine pathways for antitumor effects [ 47 ].…”

Section: Perspectives Of Applications: Qigong Exercise Generates Oxyg...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Qigong Exercise Balances Oxygen Supply and Acid-Base to Modulate Hypoxia: A Perspective Platform toward Preemptive Health & Medicine

Zhang

2023

Medical Sciences

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Qigong is a meditative movement with therapeutic effects and is commonly practiced in Eastern medicine. A growing body of evidence validates its health benefits, leading to mechanistic questions about how it works. We propose a novel mechanism by which the “acid” caused by hypoxia affects metabolism, and the way it is neutralized through Qigong practice involves the body’s blood flow and vasculature modifications. Specifically, Qigong exercise generates an oxygen supply and acid-base balance against the hypoxic effects of underlying pathological conditions. We also propose that Qigong exercise mediated and focused on the local hypoxia environment of tissues might normalize the circulation of metabolic and inflammation accumulation in the tumor tissue and restore the normal metabolism of tissues and cells through calm, relaxation, and extreme Zen-style breathing that gravitates toward preemptive health and medicine. Thus, we propose the mechanisms of action related to Qigong, intending to unify Eastern and Western exercise theory.

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Section: Perspectives Of Applications: Qigong Exercise Generates Oxyg...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Qigong Exercise Balances Oxygen Supply and Acid-Base to Modulate Hypoxia: A Perspective Platform toward Preemptive Health & Medicine

Zhang

2023

Medical Sciences

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“…Such findings may have important implications for inhibiting tumor metastasis and improving the study of the role of physical activity and exercise across the entire cancer continuum [ 30 ]. However, the mechanisms by which aerobic exercise inhibits or delays tumorigenesis currently remain elusive, and the study of the relationship between aerobic exercise and tumors requires further investigation to develop more effective clinical treatment regimens [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Aerobic exercise is an alternative method to induce the “oxygen effect” within tumor cells, although clinical studies have shown that it elicits variable effects on oxygen saturation [ 32 , 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerobic Exercise Improves Radiation Therapy Efficacy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Preclinical Study Using a Xenograft Mouse Model

Jo,

Jeon,

Park

et al. 2024

IJMS

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The “oxygen effect” improves radiation efficacy; thus, tumor cell oxygen concentration is a crucial factor for improving lung cancer treatment. In the current study, we aimed to identify aerobic exercise-induced changes in oxygen concentrations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. To this end, an NSCLC xenograft mouse model was established using human A549 cells. Animals were subsequently subjected to aerobic exercise and radiation three times per week for 2 weeks. Aerobic exercise was performed at a speed of 8.0 m/m for 30 min, and the tumor was irradiated with 2 Gy of 6 MV X-rays (total radiation dose 12 Gy). Combined aerobic exercise and radiation reduced NSCLC cell growth. In addition, the positive effect of aerobic exercise on radiation efficacy through oxygenation of tumor cells was confirmed based on hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and carbonic anhydrase IX expression. Finally, whole-transcriptome analysis revealed the key factors that induce oxygenation in NSCLC cells when aerobic exercise was combined with radiation. Taken together, these results indicate that aerobic exercise improves the effectiveness of radiation in the treatment of NSCLC. This preclinical study provides a basis for the clinical application of aerobic exercise to patients with NSCLC undergoing radiation therapy.

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“…The general consensus is that exercise is a critical lifestyle habit that has the potential to lower the risk of different cancer types. Preclinical studies on exercise have concluded on the protective effect of exercise against cancer ( Jia et al, 2021 ; Jee et al, 2022 ). In rodents, physical activity interventions, such as swimming, treadmill running, and wheel running, show reduced tumor growth, incidence, and metastasis across a variety of chemically and genetically induced tumor models ( Jia et al, 2021 ; Jee et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preclinical studies on exercise have concluded on the protective effect of exercise against cancer ( Jia et al, 2021 ; Jee et al, 2022 ). In rodents, physical activity interventions, such as swimming, treadmill running, and wheel running, show reduced tumor growth, incidence, and metastasis across a variety of chemically and genetically induced tumor models ( Jia et al, 2021 ; Jee et al, 2022 ). In humans, differential sensitivity to physical activity has been observed based on the genetic background of the cancer type ( Jones et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory effects of exercise in cancer prevention and adjuvant therapy: a narrative review

Lyu

2024

Front. Physiol.

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Successful application of cancer immunotherapy has rekindled hope in cancer patients. However, a number of patients are unresponsive to immunotherapy and related treatments. This unresponsiveness in cancer patients toward different treatment regimens can be mainly attributed to severe immune dysfunction in such patients. Several reports indicate that physical exercise can significantly lead to improved cancer patient outcomes. Since exercise gets immense response from the immune system, it can be utilized to improve immune function. Leukocytes with enhanced functions are substantially mobilized into the circulation by a single bout of intense physical exercise. Chronic physical exercise results in greater muscle endurance and strength and improved cardiorespiratory function. This exercise regime is also useful in improving T-cell abundance and reducing dysfunctional T cells. The current available data strongly justify for future clinical trials to investigate physical exercise use as an adjuvant in cancer therapy; however, optimal parameters using exercise for a defined outcome are yet to be established. The components of the immune system associate with almost every tumorigenesis step. The inter-relationship between inflammation, cancer, and innate immunity has recently gained acceptance; however, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms behind this relationship are yet to be solved. Several studies suggest physical exercise–mediated induction of immune cells to elicit anti-tumorigenic effects. This indicates the potential of exercising in modulating the behavior of immune cells to inhibit tumor progression. However, further mechanistic details behind physical exercise–driven immunomodulation and anticancer effects have to be determined. This review aims to summarize and discuss the association between physical exercise and immune function modulation and the potential of exercise as an adjuvant therapy in cancer prevention and treatment.

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The antitumor mechanisms of aerobic exercise: A review of recent preclinical studies

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri bution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 10 publications

References 97 publications

Qigong Exercise Balances Oxygen Supply and Acid-Base to Modulate Hypoxia: A Perspective Platform toward Preemptive Health & Medicine

Qigong Exercise Balances Oxygen Supply and Acid-Base to Modulate Hypoxia: A Perspective Platform toward Preemptive Health & Medicine

Aerobic Exercise Improves Radiation Therapy Efficacy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Preclinical Study Using a Xenograft Mouse Model

Immunomodulatory effects of exercise in cancer prevention and adjuvant therapy: a narrative review

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