The Antiviral Activities and Mechanisms of Marine Polysaccharides: An Overview

Abstract

Recently, the studies on the antiviral activities of marine natural products, especially marine polysaccharides, are attracting more and more attention all over the world. Marine-derived polysaccharides and their lower molecular weight oligosaccharide derivatives have been shown to possess a variety of antiviral activities. This paper will review the recent progress in research on the antiviral activities and the mechanisms of these polysaccharides obtained from marine organisms. In particular, it will provide an update on the antiviral actions of the sulfated polysaccharides derived from marine algae including carrageenans, alginates, and fucans, relating to their structure features and the structure–activity relationships. In addition, the recent findings on the different mechanisms of antiviral actions of marine polysaccharides and their potential for therapeutic application will also be summarized in detail.

Coccomyxa Gloeobotrydiformis Polysaccharide Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in RAW 264.7 Macrophages

“…Marine microalgae-derived polysaccharides have been shown to have a variety of bioactivities such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects [5]. Coccomyx agloeobotrydiformis(CGD) polysaccharide is extracted from CGD, a species of green algae that is distributed in Iceland, the Himalayas, Japan, New Zealand and Antarctica [6].…”

Administration of Hot Water Extract Diatomae Caetoceros Ceratosporum via Injection Enhances the Immune Resistance of White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei against Infectious Myonecrosis Virus

“…Sea polysaccharide could resist replication of virus by some ways, by disrupting life cycle of virus of different phases or by increasing antiviral immune response of host to accelerate eradication process of virus (Wang et al, 2012). By resisting virus replication, it will automatically non-activate virion before virus infection.…”

Marine Microbial Polysaccharides Environmental role and Applications: An Overview

“…More importantly, marine microbes tend to have significant osmotic tolerance leading to their capability for polysaccharide production at higher sugar concentration, which is very much desired for developing of an economically feasible process for polysaccharide production (Mehta et al 2014). The marine microbial polysaccharides also characterized by containing glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, amino sugars, and pyruvate which make them gain potential applications in fields such as pharmaceuticals, food additives, and industrial waste treatments (Wang et al 2012).…”

“…Marine-derived polysaccharides and their lower molecular weight oligosaccharide derivatives have been shown to possess a variety of antiviral activities (Wang et al 2012) …”