The Antonine Crisis: Climate Change as a Trigger for Epidemiological and Economic Turmoil

McDonald, Brandon T.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-81103-7_13

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…However, our core sheds light on conditions in Italy during the decades preceding and overlapping the crisis. The marine core-based reconstruction is consistent with the view that several decades of climate-influenced stress on the peninsula may have set the conditions for pandemic mortality, which was then exacerbated by simultaneous abrupt climate change (60,61).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…The Antonine Plague follows a few decades of cooling and increasing aridity, during what is generally believed to be a time of population expansion and perhaps pressure in parts of Italy (58). There has been disagreement over whether climate change played a role in the onset of the pandemic, with some emphasizing its role (59,60) and others being more skeptical (11). Still others focus on the likely role of climate change in exacerbating the crisis (61).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Last, the strong cooling of the Late Antique Little Ice Age in southern Italy coincided with the onset of the First Plague Pandemic, a disease outbreak caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, the biological agent of the medieval Black Death (48,64), and it is associated in many regions globally with a phase of crisis (65). The full relationship between the onset of the Late Antique Little Ice Age and the First Plague Pandemic has prompted discussion and speculation without resulting in confident conclusions (60), and the sharp cooling could well have affected food production, animal host populations, and human social changes all at the same time. The pandemic entered the Roman Empire across its southeastern frontiers, via the Red Sea and upper Egypt (66), although the location of the immediate animal host population is unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate change, society, and pandemic disease in Roman Italy between 200 BCE and 600 CE

Zonneveld,

Harper,

Klügel

et al. 2024

Sci. Adv.

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Records of past societies confronted with natural climate change can illuminate social responses to environmental stress and environment-disease connections, especially when locally constrained high–temporal resolution paleoclimate reconstructions are available. We present a temperature and precipitation reconstruction for ~200 BCE to ~600 CE, from a southern Italian marine sedimentary archive—the first high-resolution (~3 years) climate record from the heartland of the Roman Empire, stretching from the so-called Roman Climate Optimum to the Late Antique Little Ice Age. We document phases of instability and cooling from ~100 CE onward but more notably after ~130 CE. Pronounced cold phases between ~160 to 180 CE, ~245 to 275 CE, and after ~530 CE associate with pandemic disease, suggesting that climate stress interacted with social and biological variables. The importance of environment-disease dynamics in past civilizations underscores the need to incorporate health in risk assessments of climate change.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate change, society, and pandemic disease in Roman Italy between 200 BCE and 600 CE

Zonneveld,

Harper,

Klügel

et al. 2024

Sci. Adv.

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“…A hipótese de degradação climática é um fator que ajuda a compreender por que impérios tão distantes e diversos como o Romano e o Chinês passaram por dificuldades semelhantes ao mesmo tempo. Vários dados paleoclimáticos, como a dendrocronologia e a extensão das geleiras, coletados por Rossignol (2012) e mais recentemente por McDonald (2021), sugerem que a Eurásia atravessou um período mais frio e seco na época da Peste Antonina. A principal responsável por essa mudança de curto prazo foi, muito provavelmente, uma série de erupções vulcânicas que, como comprovou o caso da erupção do Pinatubo em 1991, tendem a resfriar o ambiente numa extensão por vezes planetária, devido ao lançamento de gases sulfúricos que permanecem na atmosfera às vezes por anos.…”

Section: A Experiência E O Impacto Da Peste Antonina: Uma Questão Em ...unclassified

A Peste Antonina: A Experiência E O Impacto De Uma Pandemia Na Antiguidade

Oliveira

2022

Phoînix

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De todas as epidemias que grassaram na Antiguidade, a Peste Antonina é certamente a mais bem documentada. Apesar disso, a natureza das fontes de que dispomos faz com que a compreensão moderna de seus impactos seja objeto de interpretações divergentes. No entanto, os avanços recentes no estudo das patologias do passado e a nossa experiência recente com a Covid-19 têm aberto novas perspectivas para o estudo dessa que pode ser considerada a primeira pandemia já registrada. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar as dificuldades de interpretação sobre o impacto e as consequências da Peste Antonina, mas também refletir sobre a experiência dessa epidemia à luz das questões do presente.

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Collapse Studies in Archaeology from 2012 to 2023

Middleton

2024

J Archaeol Res

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The study of collapse in archaeology and history has continued to grow and develop in the last decade and is a respectable target of investigation in and beyond these fields. Environmental determinism and apocalyptic narratives have become less acceptable and collapsology has matured into a more nuanced, self-critical, and sophisticated field. This review explores recent work on collapse in archaeology between 2012 and 2023. It demonstrates how collapse, and associated concepts such as resilience, fragility, and vulnerability, are studied in the light of present-day threats, how collapse studies are increasingly recognized to have application in the present day, where they can contribute to discourses of resilience and sustainable development, and shows the diversity present in collapse studies. It also discusses the language and concepts of collapse. I explore these areas with reference to general works on collapse and to six specific historical episodes of collapse: Old World collapse, eastern Mediterranean collapse, the Western and Eastern Roman Empires, the Classic Maya, Tiwanaku, and Rapa Nui.

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The Antonine Crisis: Climate Change as a Trigger for Epidemiological and Economic Turmoil

Cited by 3 publications

References 81 publications

Climate change, society, and pandemic disease in Roman Italy between 200 BCE and 600 CE

Climate change, society, and pandemic disease in Roman Italy between 200 BCE and 600 CE

A Peste Antonina: A Experiência E O Impacto De Uma Pandemia Na Antiguidade

Collapse Studies in Archaeology from 2012 to 2023

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