The aortic tunica intima in young and aging rats

Gerrity, Ross G.; Cliff, W. J.

doi:10.1016/0014-4800(72)90012-3

Cited by 92 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Possible explanations for structural asymmetry of lamellae is greater anterior vessel strain (Draney, 2003) and lack of external support. Previous reports have shown lamellar branching (Berry, 1976;Gerrity, 1972;Smith, 1976), but our CLSM study showed that branching occurs regularly throughout the vessel circumference. This branching of lamellae provides an explanation of how this change in number of lamellae is structurally accommodated, and provides a means for local structure to match local strains without structural discontinuity.…”

Section: General Medial Structurecontrasting

confidence: 68%

“…SMCs are depicted as elongated nuclei surrounded by smooth cytoplasm spanning between lamellae, with wavy collagen and interlamellar elastin fibers (IEFs) weaving throughout. The number of lamellae has been shown to decrease from anterior to posterior (Draney, 2003) and from superior to inferior, and branching of one lamella into two distinct lamellae has been observed (Berry CL, 1972;Gerrity, 1972;Smith, 1976). Direct connections between lamellae have been observed in 2D images and chemically degraded specimens (Berry CL, 1972;Smith, 1976;Song SH, 1985), and more recent studies described considerable interlamellar elastin (Dingemans et al, 2000;Jiang CF, 1992), as well as a direct connection between elastin and SMCs (Dingemans et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The three-dimensional micro- and nanostructure of the aortic medial lamellar unit measured using 3D confocal and electron microscopy imaging☆

et al. 2008

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Changes in arterial wall composition and function underlie all forms of vascular disease. The fundamental structural and functional unit of the aortic wall is the medial lamellar unit (MLU). While the basic composition and organization of the MLU is known, three-dimensional (3D) microstructural details are tenuous, due (in part) to lack of three-dimensional data at micro-and nano-scales. We applied novel electron and confocal microscopy techniques to obtain 3D volumetric information of aortic medial microstructure at micro-and nano-scales with all constituents present. For the rat abdominal aorta, we show that medial elastin has three primary forms: with approximately 71% of total elastin as thick, continuous lamellar sheets, 27% as thin, protruding interlamellar elastin fibers (IEFs), and 2% as thick radial struts. Elastin pores are not simply holes in lamellar sheets, but are indented and gusseted openings in lamellae. Smooth Muscle Cells (SMCs) weave throughout the interlamellar elastin framework, with cytoplasmic extensions abutting IEFs, resulting in approximately 20° radial tilt (relative to the lumen surface) of elliptical SMC nuclei. Collagen fibers are organized as large, parallel bundles tightly enveloping SMC nuclei. Quantification of the orientation of collagen bundles, SMC nuclei, and IEFs reveal that all three primary medial constituents have predominantly circumferential orientation, correlating with reported circumferentially dominant values of physiological stress, collagen fiber recruitment, and tissue stiffness. This high resolution three-dimensional view of the aortic media reveals MLU microstructure details that suggest a highly complex and integrated mural organization that correlates with aortic mechanical properties.

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Section: General Medial Structurecontrasting

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The three-dimensional micro- and nanostructure of the aortic medial lamellar unit measured using 3D confocal and electron microscopy imaging☆

et al. 2008

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“…132 Smooth muscle cells can remove deposited lipoproteins by expression of LDL receptors, phagocytosis, or both.133 '134 The presence of autophagosomes in some smooth muscle cells and of small quantities of cell debris in the extracellular matrix of arterial intima (and media) have been reported in unmanipulated and apparently healthy rhesus monkeys,135 rabbits,38 and rats. 136,137 Evidence of smooth muscle cell damage or death has not been reported for undiseased human arterial intima but, based on the animal evidence, it can be assumed to occur. The main functional properties of smooth muscle cells in the arterial intima are summarized in Table 2 …”

Section: Definition Of Arterial Intimamentioning

confidence: 99%

A definition of the intima of human arteries and of its atherosclerosis-prone regions. A report from the Committee on Vascular Lesions of the Council on Arteriosclerosis, American Heart Association.

et al. 1992

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T his report is a concise review of current knowledge of the structure and function of the intima of the aorta and the major distributing arteries. The main purpose of the review is to delineate normal arterial intima from atherosclerotic lesions and, in particular, to distinguish physiological adaptations from atherosclerotic increases in intimal thickness. To characterize normal intima, including the adaptive intimal thickenings, some of which represent locations in which atherosclerotic lesions are prone to develop, the structure, composition, and functions of the arterial intima in young people as well as in laboratory animals not subjected to known atherogenic stimuli are reviewed.This report on arterial intima is the first in a series of four. The second report will review and define initial, fatty streak, and intermediate types of atherosclerotic lesions, and the third report will review all types of advanced (i.e., potentially clinical and clinical) lesions. The overall objective is to define arterial intima and all types of atherosclerotic lesions, and then to postulate, in a fourth and final report, a valid and up-to-date pathobiological nomenclature and classification of atherosclerotic lesions.

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“…This favors the passage of plasma macromolecules across the endothelium with subsequent trapping in the intima, 13) inducing intimal thickening. 11,[13][14][15][16] Endothelial cell aging is thus associated with loss of functional integrity and entails a shift towards a pro-inflammatory and proapoptotic state, which enhances monocyte transmigration into the vessel wall. 17,18) This study aims at establishing the quantitative relationship between the mechanical load by arterial clamping and the induced damage to the endothelial and medial vascular layer.…”

Section: Arterial Vasoreactivity Is Equally Affected Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

Arterial Vasoreactivity is Equally Affected by <i>In Vivo</i> Cross-Clamping with Increasing Loads in Young and Middle-Aged Mice Aortas

Geenens

Famaey

Gijbels

et al. 2016

ATCS

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Purpose: To compensate for the lack of haptic feedback by surgical robots, limitation of exerted forces could be implemented. The limits should be based on the observed relationship between tissue load and induced damage. This study examines whether age-related changes influence this relationship. Methods: Descending thoracic aortas of male C57BL/6J mice of 10, 25 and 40 weeks were clamped in vivo (no clamp, 0.5N or 2.0N) for 2 min. Functional integrity was tested in vitro by studying endothelium-dependent and -independent vasoreactivity. Results: Endothelium-dependent relaxation deteriorated with increased clamping force at all ages. Clamping did not influence endothelium-independent vasodilation. Age (10, 25 and 40 weeks) did not significantly impact on the effect of clamping on endothelium-dependent and independent vasoreactivity. Conclusions: Within the tested conditions, mechanical clamping induces damage to the vascular endothelium, but not to the smooth muscle cells. Age has no effect on the obtained results in mice from 10 to 40 weeks old.

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The aortic tunica intima in young and aging rats

Cited by 92 publications

References 47 publications

The three-dimensional micro- and nanostructure of the aortic medial lamellar unit measured using 3D confocal and electron microscopy imaging☆

The three-dimensional micro- and nanostructure of the aortic medial lamellar unit measured using 3D confocal and electron microscopy imaging☆

A definition of the intima of human arteries and of its atherosclerosis-prone regions. A report from the Committee on Vascular Lesions of the Council on Arteriosclerosis, American Heart Association.

Arterial Vasoreactivity is Equally Affected by <i>In Vivo</i> Cross-Clamping with Increasing Loads in Young and Middle-Aged Mice Aortas

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