The aphelinid subfamily Eriaporinae (Hym. : Chalcidoidea)

Hayat, Mohammad; Verma, Mahesh

doi:10.1080/00305316.1980.10434580

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…A complete list of species and genera examined can be obtained from the senior author. Host relationships are associated with the higher level taxa and are based on Yasnosh (1976), Viggiani (1984) and Hayat and Verma (1980).…”

Section: Structural Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eriaphytinae was recently proposed by Hayat (1985). Eriaporinae can be included within Aphelinidae (Ferrirre, 1965;Hayat and Verma, 1980;Hayat, 1985) or excluded with uncertain placement (Yasnosh, 1976). Calesinae was placed in Aphelinidae (De Santis, 1946;Yasnosh, 1976;Hayat, 1983) or excluded with uncertain placement (Ferrirre, 1965;Hayat, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mandibular teeth in Chalcidoidea: function and phylogeny

Heraty

Schauff

1998

Journal of Natural History

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Aphelinidae and Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) were surveyed for presence of a specialized ventroapical mandibular tooth that is formed through modification of a seta into a stout socketed spine. An almost identical tooth is found in a homologous position in Coccophaginae (Aphelinidae), Eriaphytinae (Aphelinidae), Calesinae (Aphelinidae or incertae sedis), and Habrolepidini (Encyrtidae), but nowhere else within Chalcidoidea. Although the tooth represents a synapomorphy for genera within each of these higher taxa, it appears to be independently derived on the basis of other morphological and biochemical evidence. Observations of Comperiella bifasciata and Encarsia sp. nr. perniciosi emerging from California Red Scale show that the tooth is used for shearing off pieces of the mummified host remains and the scale cover during formation of the exit hole. The tooth occurs in both sexes, and in taxa with a broad host range such as Encarsia, which attack both armoured scales and whiteflies. Problems associated with character homology, function and phylogeny are discussed. IntroductionFunction and convergence of morphological features is a bane of cladistic methodology. As long as homoplasy is minimal, non-homologous features can be uncovered by their non-concordance with other features on the most parsimonious or shortest tree. As homoplasy becomes more common, the overall fit of characters to a particular tree topology can decrease to a point where other alternative topologies

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Section: Structural Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mandibular teeth in Chalcidoidea: function and phylogeny

Heraty

Schauff

1998

Journal of Natural History

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“…References: Compere, 1936;De Santis, 1948. Eriaphytis Hayat (Figs. 105-107) Eriaphytis Hayat, 1972: 152 Compere, 1947 ;GhesquiBre, 1955;Shafee, 1975;Hayat & Verma, 1980.…”

Section: Paratypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hayat (1979) examined the types of the tetramerous genera of Aphelinidae described by Girault and gave a key to the world genera having four-segmented tarsi. In a later paper, Hayat & Verma (1980) commented upon some little known eriaporine genera and gave a key t o the genera of that subfamily. The present paper provides a key to both sexes of the world genera of Aphelinidae, including three genera described as new in this paper and two apparently undescribed genera, material of which I have seen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genera of Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera) of The world

Hayat

1983

Systematic Entomology

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A key is given to the world genera of the chalcidoid family Aphelinidae. Forty-four genera are accepted as valid, including three described as new, Encarsiella (type-species E.noyesi sp.n.), Hirtaphelinus (type-species H.smetanai sp.n.) and Samariola (type-species Xcamerounensis sp.n.). The key is followed by a synopsis of the world genera, which includes: (1) citations of valid genera and their synonyms in chronological order; ( 2 ) total or approximate number of described species; (3) distribution in the six zoogeographical regions; (4) references mainly to major works and revisions; and (5) comments, especially on the new synonymies introduced in the present paper. The following new synonymies are proposed (the senior synonyms (valid names) are noted in paren-

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“…Trichogramma australicum Nagarkatti and Nagaraja (1971): 15-17. Trichogramma confusum Hayat and Viggiani (1984): 34.…”

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confidence: 99%

A taxonomic review of the Japanese Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) with descriptions of three new species

Honda

Taylor²,

Rodriguez³

et al. 2006

Appl. Entomol. Zool.

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Numerous errors and confusion in the literature concerning the genus Trichogramma in Japan have necessitated a formal review of this genus. This review corrects and updates Trichogramma host and distribution records from Hokkaido to the Ryukyu Islands, redescribes and designates a lectotype for T. jezoense Ishii, records two Trichogramma species new to Japan (T. ostriniae Pang and Chen and T. lingulatum Pang and Chen) and describes three new species (T. yabui Honda and Taylor, T. okinawae Honda, and T. aomoriense Honda). Additionally a key to the species is provided for the 14 known Japanese species as are ITS-2 DNA sequences and SEM micrographs of male genital capsules for the majority of the species to aid biocontrol workers in Trichogramma identification.Key words: Taxonomy; species description; Japanese Trichogramma; DNA sequence; male genital capsule * To whom correspondence should be addressed at: E-mail: jhonda@email.sjsu.edu † Present address: Department of Entomology, 320 Morrill Hall, University of Illinois, 505 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA ‡ Present address: 349 Asano, Munakata 811-3415, Japan DOI: 10.1303DOI: 10. /aez.2006 never verified. Test releases using Hirai's cultured material was later used for O. furnacalis control in corn fields in 1992 -93 (Yoshizawa, 1995. Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko, another imported species of Trichogramma, was used in test releases for the control of M. brassicae in sugar beet fields in 1997 (Iwasaki et al., 1998) and for the control of P. xylostella in greenhouses in 1999 (Miura et al., 2001). Again their establishment has not been confirmed.Despite the considerable international attention that Trichogramma has received as an important biological control agent, its taxonomy remains inadequately understood for a number of reasons. For example, the collection and curation of these minute (approximately 0.5 mm) parasitic wasps has proven difficult and greatly slowed the accumulation of study material . Moreover, the early disregard of type specimens has caused much confusion in the literature. Because a number of type specimens are lost, unusable, or described inadequately, many species names have been applied incorrectly and inconsistently in the literature (Pinto et al., 1978;Pinto and Stouthamer, 1994;Pinto, 1999). Finally, Trichogramma taxonomy also suffered from an absence of consistent distinguishing morphological characters (Pinto, 1999). This dilemma was partially resolved by Nagarkatti and Nagaraja (1971) who discovered the importance of the male genitalia as a diagnostic taxonomic character. DNA sequences have also been proposed as an aid to identification and used in a number of studies to characterize Trichogramma species (Pinto et al., 1997;Silva et al., 1999;Stouthamer et al., 1999).The history of Trichogramma taxonomy in Japan exemplifies many of the taxonomic difficulties prevalent in the genus. For example, Nakagawa (1900) was the first to record Trichogramma from Japan by describing in morphological detail, the adult of a Trichogra...

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The aphelinid subfamily Eriaporinae (Hym. : Chalcidoidea)

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Mandibular teeth in Chalcidoidea: function and phylogeny

Mandibular teeth in Chalcidoidea: function and phylogeny

The genera of Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera) of The world

A taxonomic review of the Japanese Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) with descriptions of three new species

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