The Apical Junctional Complex in Respiratory Diseases

Jang, An‐Soo

doi:10.4068/cmj.2014.50.1.1

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The AJ is located more basally than the TJ and contains proteins within the Cadherin family, most notably E-cadherin, and the nectin sub-family. 10 They maintain and stabilize cell-cell adhesions and regulate the actin cytoskeleton. Moreover, E-cadherin binds to α – and β-catenin, which are involved in gene expression, intracellular signaling, and transcriptional regulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airway tight junctions as targets of viral infections

et al. 2021

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The apical junctional complexes (AJCs) of airway epithelial cells are a key component of the innate immune system by creating barriers to pathogens, inhaled allergens, and environmental particles. AJCs form between adjacent cells and consist of tight junctions (TJs) and adherens junctions (AJs). Respiratory viruses have been shown to target various components of the AJCs, leading to airway epithelial barrier dysfunction by different mechanisms. Virus-induced epithelial permeability may allow for allergens and bacterial pathogens to subsequently invade. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiologic mechanisms leading to disruption of AJCs and the potential ensuing ramifications. We focus on the following viruses that affect the pulmonary system: respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, influenza viruses, immunodeficiency virus, and other viruses such as coxsackievirus, adenovirus, coronaviruses, measles, parainfluenza virus, bocavirus, and vaccinia virus. Understanding the mechanisms by which viruses target the AJC and impair barrier function may help design therapeutic innovations to treat these infections.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airway tight junctions as targets of viral infections

et al. 2021

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“…TJs are located in apical parts and consist of protein families including claudins, occludins, catenins, and zonula occludens (ZO) [44,45]. AJs are present below TJs in the epithelial barrier and are comprised of cadherin and nectin family proteins [46].…”

Section: Dysfunction Of Intercellular Connectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Fine Particle Matter (PM2.5) Exposure and Upper Respiratory Tract Diseases

Zaręba,

Piszczatowska,

Dżaman

et al. 2024

JPM

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PM2.5 is one of the most harmful components of airborne pollution and includes particles with diameters of less than 2.5 μm. Almost 90% of the world’s population lives in areas with poor air quality exceeding the norms established by the WHO. PM2.5 exposure affects various organs and systems of the human body including the upper respiratory tract which is one of the most prone to its adverse effects. PM2.5 can disrupt nasal epithelial cell metabolism, decrease the integrity of the epithelial barrier, affect mucociliary clearance, and alter the inflammatory process in the nasal mucosa. Those effects may increase the chance of developing upper respiratory tract diseases in areas with high PM2.5 pollution. PM2.5’s contribution to allergic rhinitis (AR) and rhinosinusitis was recently thoroughly investigated. Numerous studies demonstrated various mechanisms that occur when subjects with AR or rhinosinusitis are exposed to PM2.5. Various immunological changes and alterations in the nasal and sinonasal epithelia were reported. These changes may contribute to the observations that exposure to higher PM2.5 concentrations may increase AR and rhinosinusitis symptoms in patients and the number of clinical visits. Thus, studying novel strategies against PM2.5 has recently become the focus of researchers’ attention. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the effects of PM2.5 on healthy upper respiratory tract mucosa and PM2.5’s contribution to AR and rhinosinusitis. Finally, we summarize the current advances in developing strategies against PM2.5 particles’ effects on the upper respiratory tract.

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“…Endothelial junction proteins maintain tissue integrity, but also allow for vascular permeability, leukocyte extravasation, and angiogenesis. The Apical Junctional Complex (AJC) consists of tight (TJ) and adherens junction (AJ) protein complexes [ 37 , 38 ]. The AJC ensures tight connections of polarized epithelial and endothelial cells in the intestinal mucosa and in the walls of blood vessels, respectively.…”

Section: Mirnas Evs and Physical Barriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

miRNAs as Predictors of Barrier Integrity

et al. 2023

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The human body has several barriers that protect its integrity and shield it from mechanical, chemical, and microbial harm. The various barriers include the skin, intestinal and respiratory epithelia, blood–brain barrier (BBB), and immune system. In the present review, the focus is on the physical barriers that are formed by cell layers. The barrier function is influenced by the molecular microenvironment of the cells forming the barriers. The integrity of the barrier cell layers is maintained by the intricate balance of protein expression that is partly regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs) both in the intracellular space and the extracellular microenvironment. The detection of changes in miRNA patterns has become a major focus of diagnostic, prognostic, and disease progression, as well as therapy-response, markers using a great variety of detection systems in recent years. In the present review, we highlight the importance of liquid biopsies in assessing barrier integrity and challenges in differential miRNA detection.

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The Apical Junctional Complex in Respiratory Diseases

Cited by 8 publications

References 38 publications

Airway tight junctions as targets of viral infections

Airway tight junctions as targets of viral infections

The Relationship between Fine Particle Matter (PM2.5) Exposure and Upper Respiratory Tract Diseases

miRNAs as Predictors of Barrier Integrity

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