The Apolipoprotein E Gene and Taq1A Polymorphisms in Childhood Obesity

Ergün, Mehmet Ali; Karaoğuz, Meral Yirmibeş; Koç, Altuğ; Çamurdan, Orhun; Bıdecı, Aysun; Yazıcı, Ayten; Cınaz, Peyami

doi:10.1089/gtmb.2010.0002

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…No study reported that the BMI of those with or without the A1 allele differed. 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 Similarly, the percentage of those with and without the A1 allele did not differ in groups created because they were or were not obese. 20 , 25 , 26 , 27 The study of Hardman et al 23 was particularly instructive as it was a prospective study with a large sample, chosen to be representative of the general population.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

A meta-analysis of the relationship between brain dopamine receptors and obesity: a matter of changes in behavior rather than food addiction?

Benton

Young

2016

Int J Obes

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Addiction to a wide range of substances of abuse has been suggested to reflect a ‘Reward Deficiency Syndrome'. That is, drugs are said to stimulate the reward mechanisms so intensely that, to compensate, the population of dopamine D2 receptors (DD2R) declines. The result is that an increased intake is necessary to experience the same degree of reward. Without an additional intake, cravings and withdrawal symptoms result. A suggestion is that food addiction, in a similar manner to drugs of abuse, decrease DD2R. The role of DD2R in obesity was therefore examined by examining the association between body mass index (BMI) and the Taq1A polymorphism, as the A1 allele is associated with a 30–40% lower number of DD2R, and is a risk factor for drug addiction. If a lower density of DD2R is indicative of physical addiction, it was argued that if food addiction occurs, those with the A1 allele should have a higher BMI. A systematic review found 33 studies that compared the BMI of those who did and did not have the A1 allele. A meta-analysis of the studies compared those with (A1/A1 and A1/A2) or without (A2/A2) the A1 allele; no difference in BMI was found (standardized mean difference 0.004 (s.e. 0.021), variance 0.000, Z=0.196, P<0.845). It was concluded that there was no support for a reward deficiency theory of food addiction. In contrast, there are several reports that those with the A1 allele are less able to benefit from an intervention that aimed to reduce weight, possibly a reflection of increased impulsivity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

A meta-analysis of the relationship between brain dopamine receptors and obesity: a matter of changes in behavior rather than food addiction?

Benton

Young

2016

Int J Obes

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“…Interestingly, variation in the APOE gene displayed the strongest association with physical activity . The APOE gene is known to influence lipid profiles in response to dietary interventions and is associated with childhood and adult obesity . Another recent paper found that the risk (A) allele in FTO rs9939609 was significantly associated with sedentary behaviour (time spent sitting) after adjustment for multiple confounders including BMI .…”

Section: Lazy‐thrifty Versus Peppy‐thrifty Genotype Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the evolutionary origins of obesity: lazy versus peppy‐thrifty genotype hypothesis

et al. 2018

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The recent global obesity epidemic is attributed to major societal and environmental changes, such as excessive energy intake and sedentary lifestyle. However, exposure to 'obesogenic' environments does not necessarily result in obesity at the individual level, as 40-75% of body mass index variation in population is attributed to genetic differences. The thrifty genotype theory posits that genetic variants promoting efficient food sequestering and optimal deposition of fat during periods of food abundance were evolutionarily advantageous for the early hunter-gatherer and were positively selected. However, the thrifty genotype is likely too simplistic and fails to provide a justification for the complex distribution of obesity predisposing gene variants and for the broad range of body mass index observed in diverse ethnic groups. This review proposes that gene pleiotropy may better account for the variability in the distribution of obesity susceptibility alleles across modern populations. We outline the lazy-thrifty versus peppy-thrifty genotype hypothesis and detail the body of evidence in the literature in support of this novel concept. Future population genetics and mathematical modelling studies that account for pleiotropy may further improve our understanding of the evolutionary origins of the current obesity epidemic.

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“…The isoform E2 has only cysteine residues at positions 112 and 158, differing from the E4 isoform, which has arginine at both positions. On the other hand, E3 isoform has the 2 amino acid residues [19,20].…”

Section: Polymorphisms In Apolipoprotein Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic polymorphisms as a risk factor for dyslipidemia in children

et al. 2015

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Dyslipidemia is an important etiological factor for development of cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of deaths in adults. Given the growing global epidemic of dyslipidemia, lipoprotein metabolism disorders have become an important health problem not only in adulthood, but have also emerged as an increasingly risk factor in childhood. Although several genome-wide association studies in multiple large population-based cohorts of adults and meta-analyses have identified susceptibility genes or loci, especially in lipid-related traits, it is of great importance to evaluate genetic predisposition at an early age. Recent findings suggest that the identification of polymorphisms in the metabolism of lipids in childhood may help fight subclinical atherosclerosis and its progression to cardiovascular complications in adulthood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review genetic polymorphisms as risk factors associated with dyslipidemia in children and adolescents.

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The Apolipoprotein E Gene and Taq1A Polymorphisms in Childhood Obesity

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

A meta-analysis of the relationship between brain dopamine receptors and obesity: a matter of changes in behavior rather than food addiction?

A meta-analysis of the relationship between brain dopamine receptors and obesity: a matter of changes in behavior rather than food addiction?

Revisiting the evolutionary origins of obesity: lazy versus peppy‐thrifty genotype hypothesis

Genetic polymorphisms as a risk factor for dyslipidemia in children

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