The aposymbiotic aphid: An analysis of chlortetracycline-treated pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum

Prosser, W.A.; Douglas, A. E.

doi:10.1016/0022-1910(91)90104-8

Cited by 114 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In the case of aphids, an obligate bacterial endosymbiont, Buchnera aphidicola, which lives inside aphids in specialized cells called bacteriocytes, synthesize essential amino acids required by the aphids, but that are limiting in the phloem sap (Baumann, 2005;Douglas, 2006). Selective disruption of aphid symbionts with chlortetracycline severely affected aphid growth and development, suggesting that the bacterial symbionts are essential for supplementing nutrients required by aphids (Prosser and Douglas, 1991). In contrast to the aphid host, Buchnera spp.…”

Section: Aphid Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Categories of Resistance to Greenbug (Homoptera: Aphididae) Biotype I in Aegilops tauschii Germplasm

Flinn

Smith

Reese

et al. 2001

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Section: Aphid Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Categories of Resistance to Greenbug (Homoptera: Aphididae) Biotype I in Aegilops tauschii Germplasm

Flinn

Smith

Reese

et al. 2001

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“…However, aposymbiotic aphids exhibit a generally poor 'performance': they have significantly reduced growth rates, low adult size, and a dramatically curtailed reproductive output (Prosser & Douglas, 1991;Sasaki et al, 1991;Douglas, 1992a). Moreover, the effect is similar if aposymbiotic aphids are reared on plants or chemically-defined diets (Sasaki et al, 1991;Douglas 1992a), despite the latter containing a nutritionally adequate supply of essential amino acids (50 mol%) which would be expected to overcome the shortfall in bacterial-derived essential amino acids experienced by aposymbiotic aphids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The assimilation and allocation of nutrients by symbiotic and aposymbiotic pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum

Wilkinson

Ishikawa

1999

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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The failure of a nutritionally balanced diet to ameliorate the impact of symbiont disruption in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) was investigated using two approaches. The assimilation of dietary nutrients by aphids was investigated using chemically-defined diets containing 3 H-labelled inulin and 14 C-labelled sucrose or amino acids. Symbiotic aphids (i.e., aphids containing their bacteria) had a high sucrose demand and assimilated 72% of sucrose ingested in the diet, whereas the assimilation of sucrose by aposymbiotic aphids (in which the bacteria had been disrupted), was significantly reduced to 47%. The assimilation of individual dietary amino acids by symbiotic aphids varied between 61 and 92%, and there was no impact on the feeding or assimilation rate when the aphids were fed a 'phloem sap-like' diet containing a reduced amount of essential amino acids. Consequently, the absolute amount of each essential amino acid assimilated by symbiotic aphids feeding on a 'phloem sap-like' diet was reduced by 36-59%. Aposymbiotic aphids consistently assimilated a lower proportion of ingested amino acids, and lysine in particular was poorly assimilated from the diet. In a second experiment, the allocation of free amino acids in the haemocoel to aphid embryos was investigated following microinjection of 14 C-labelled amino acids. After 2 h, radiolabel could be detected at varying levels from the embryo complement of both symbiotic and aposymbiotic aphids, indicating rapid but selective uptake by the embryos. The essential amino acids phenylalanine and lysine were incorporated into the protein fraction of embryo tissues, but the rate of incorporation per unit biomass was approximately 4-fold higher in the embryos of aposymbiotic aphids, possibly reflecting increased demand due to the lack of amino acid provisioning from the symbiotic bacteria.

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“…Buchnera lives only within specialized aphid cells (bacteriocytes) and provides nutrients lacking in the phloem diet (3,4). Removal of Buchnera with antibiotics severely debilitates aphid performance and fecundity (5). Thus, aphids and Buchnera are mutually interdependent.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Facultative bacterial symbionts in aphids confer resistance to parasitic wasps

Oliver

Russell

Moran

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

1,114

1,122

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Symbiotic relationships between animals and microorganisms are common in nature, yet the factors controlling the abundance and distributions of symbionts are mostly unknown. Aphids have an obligate association with the bacterium Buchnera aphidicola (the primary symbiont) that has been shown to contribute directly to aphid fitness. In addition, aphids sometimes harbor other vertically transmitted bacteria (secondary symbionts), for which few benefits of infection have been previously documented. We carried out experiments to determine the consequences of these facultative symbioses in Acyrthosiphon pisum (the pea aphid) for vulnerability of the aphid host to a hymenopteran parasitoid, Aphidius ervi, a major natural enemy in field populations. Our results show that, in a controlled genetic background, infection confers resistance to parasitoid attack by causing high mortality of developing parasitoid larvae. Compared with uninfected controls, experimentally infected aphids were as likely to be attacked by ovipositing parasitoids but less likely to support parasitoid development. This strong interaction between a symbiotic bacterium and a host natural enemy provides a mechanism for the persistence and spread of symbiotic bacteria.

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The aposymbiotic aphid: An analysis of chlortetracycline-treated pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum

Cited by 114 publications

References 19 publications

Categories of Resistance to Greenbug (Homoptera: Aphididae) Biotype I in <B> <I>Aegilops tauschii</I> </B> Germplasm

Categories of Resistance to Greenbug (Homoptera: Aphididae) Biotype I in <B> <I>Aegilops tauschii</I> </B> Germplasm

The assimilation and allocation of nutrients by symbiotic and aposymbiotic pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum

Facultative bacterial symbionts in aphids confer resistance to parasitic wasps

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