The apparent climatic limitations of the alfalfa weevil in California

Michelbacher, A. E.; Leighly, John

doi:10.3733/hilg.v13n03p101

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…1. The western strain, which tends to thrive under cooler conditions (Michelbacher and Leighly 1940), has moved much farther south than reported previously. This is supported by unpublished data based on presence of Wolbachia (D. Vacek, unpublished data).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Strain Distribution of Alfalfa Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in an Intergrade Zone

Bundy

Smith

English

et al. 2005

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Strain distribution for the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), was determined for the five major alfalfa-growing regions of New Mexico. Mitochondrial DNA from field-collected weevils at each location was digested and sequenced to differentiate among strains. Eastern, Egyptian, and western strains were recovered, along with a population not matching any known strain. The majority of sites examined had populations of two strains intermingled within a field. This is the first confirmation of the presence of all three strains within the same geographic region. Possible implications for alfalfa weevil management are discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Strain Distribution of Alfalfa Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in an Intergrade Zone

Bundy

Smith

English

et al. 2005

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“…The original determination of the Egyptian alfalfa weevil from Yuma, Arizona, as H. brunneipennis was given by L. L. Buchanan, who stated that this weevil was originally described from Egypt and was also reported from Ethiopia (Wehrle, 1940). According to Michelbacher and Leighly (1940), who had communicated with Buchanan, the morphological differences between western and Egyptian weevils were slight, consisting mainly of variations in body color patterns and the proportions of the prothorax and elytra. From hindsight, such variations may not have justified the assignment of the Egyptian weevil as a separate species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This view is supported by successful hybridizations between western weevils with weevils from France and Germany (Schroder & Steinhauer, 1976b). The Egyptian weevil has been traced to the Nile Valley as a possible source of origin (Wehrle, 1940;Michelbacher & Leighly, 1940;Davis, 1967). The origin of the eastern alfalfa weevil has not been determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination of alfalfa weevil strains by allozyme analysis

Hsiao

Stutz

1985

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Allozyme profiles of eastern weevils (Beltsville, Maryland; Washington Co., Illinois), western weevils (Logan and St. George, Utah), and Egyptian weevils (Yuma, Arizona; Westmorland, California) were compiled by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty‐two gene loci from 12 enzymes (ACPH, ADH, AMY, AO, EST, GOT, G‐6PDH, MDH, ME, SOD, TYR, XDH) were analyzed. Mean heterozygosity of these populations was 0.231, with an average proportion of polymorphic loci of 0.536. The mean genetic distance of all weevil populations was 0.033 and the fixation index was 0.024. Diagnostic loci were found which could distinguish western weevils from eastern and Egyptian weevils. The small genetic distance between the eastern and Egyptian weevils suggests that they may be the same strain and are certainly different from the western weevil strain. Based on this and other evidence, we conclude that all weevil strains in the United States are Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), and that the use of H. brunneipennis (Boheman) for the Egyptian alfalfa weevil of North America should be discontinued. RÉSUMÉ Séparation par analyse des allozymes de souches d'Hypera de la luzerne Les allozymes d'Hypera de l'est des USA (Beltsville, Maryland; Washington Co., Illinois), de l'ouest des USA (Logan et St Georges, Utah) et 'égyptiens' (Yuma, Arizona; Westmorland, Californie) ont été analysés par électrophorèse sur gel d'acrylamide. L'étude a porté sur 22 loci de 12 enzymes (ACPH, ADH, AMY, AO, EST, GOT, G‐6PDH, MDH, ME, SOD, TYR, XDH). L'hétérozygotie moyenne de la population était 0.231, avec une moyenne de loci polymorphes de 0.536. La distance génétique moyenne de l'ensemble des populations était de 0.033 et l'indice de fixation de 0.024. Des loci caractéristiques ont été trouvés qui pourraient permettre de distinguer les Hypera occidentaux des orientaux et des 'égyptiens'. La faible distance génétique entre les Hypera orientaux et 'égyptiens' suggère qu'ils appartiennent à la měme souche et sont certainement différents des occidentaux. A partir de cela et d'autres éléments, nous concluons que tous les Hypera des USA sont H. postica Gyllenhal et que l'utilisation d'H. brunneipennis Boheman pour désigner les Hypera 'égyptiens' d'Amérique du Nord doit ětre abandonnée.

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“…In southern California, parasitization has never been seriously considered previously as a factor which might help explain the differences in severity of the California red scale in various climatic zones. It is quite possible, however, that differences in difficulty of obtaining chemical control of red scale infestations may be explained in the same manner as was done by Michelbacher and Leighly (1940) for the alfalfa weevil. For instance, in Orange County, a coastal area, insecticidal control of the red scale is much easier than in Riverside County, an interior area.…”

Section: Effect Of Humidity and Temperature Interaction On Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 96%

Some Effects of Meteorological Factors on All Stages of Aphytis Lingnanensis, A Parasite of the California Red Scale

DeBach¹,

Fisher²,

Landi³

1955

Ecology

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The apparent climatic limitations of the alfalfa weevil in California

Cited by 15 publications

References 7 publications

Strain Distribution of Alfalfa Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in an Intergrade Zone

Strain Distribution of Alfalfa Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in an Intergrade Zone

Discrimination of alfalfa weevil strains by allozyme analysis

Some Effects of Meteorological Factors on All Stages of Aphytis Lingnanensis, A Parasite of the California Red Scale

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