The Apparent Power Concept and the IEEE Standard 1459-2000

Willems, J. L.; Ghijselen, Jozef; Emanuel, A.E.

doi:10.1109/tpwrd.2005.844267

Cited by 121 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This way, the apparent power is the maximum active power that can be transmitted to the load for a given voltage waveform and some losses given in the feeding line. The voltage waveform is imposed by the network and the power factor defined as the quotient between the active power and the apparent power, it relates the minimum losses with the real losses in the transmission, [5].…”

Section: Apparent Powermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this section it will be considered the most habitual practical case where the conductor lines present the same resistance and the neutral conductor presents a resistance of different value, [5]. Let be, therefore, a three-phase four wire system in the most general conditions in voltage and current.…”

Section: B a Particular Casementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The European approach that has their origin in Depenbrock, and the American approach sponsored by IEEE that leadership Emanuel. The European approach has been very well based from the theoretical point of view in the last years thanks to the works of the own Depenbrock, [2] and Mayordomo et al, [3], and the subsequent works of Willems, [4][5][6] that have helped to clarify the situation. On the other hand, the IEEE approach has sought to introduce in the definition of apparent power a practical effective voltage, associated in a principle to the non-load losses, [7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Apparent power and power factor in unbalanced and distorted systems. Applications in three phase load compensations

Salmerón¹,

Vázquez²,

Herrera³

et al. 2024

RE&PQJ

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Abstract. The apparent power and the derived power factor are two of the quantities of the biggest use and application inside the Electric Engineering. However, nowadays it continues staying the controversy on their definitions and more appropriate meaning in the most general situations in unbalance and distortion, and unequal resistances in the distribution lines. In the last years they have been distinguished two focuses concerning the functional definitions of apparent power: the European approach, more theoretical and better developed, and the American approach, more practical focus but with smaller rigor. Although from the point of view of their practical application, the use of a definition or another doesn't suppose important numeric differences, if present differ from the conceptual point of view. This is made notice in applications that suppose the use of modern equipments of static compensation. The apparent power of the European approach in its conception only permits parallel compensation, while the apparent power of the American approach admits the seriesparallel compensation. This paper introduces the definitions of apparent power of both approaches and it establishes a discussion on its application in the three-phases loads compensation.

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Section: Apparent Powermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B a Particular Casementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Apparent power and power factor in unbalanced and distorted systems. Applications in three phase load compensations

Salmerón¹,

Vázquez²,

Herrera³

et al. 2024

RE&PQJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To avoid unnecessary complexity it is assumed that all conductors have equal resistances. For the analysis of the cases where the resistances are unequal, the reader is referred to the literature [18]. Throughout this paper the currents and the voltages are assumed to be periodical with period T .…”

Section: Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 For the computation of the power the voltage reference is arbitrary. However for the computation of the active current a proper choice of the reference point for the voltages is essential [18]. 4 The instantaneous power current is also called the instantaneous active current.…”

Section: B Instantaneous Power and Powerless Currentmentioning

confidence: 99%