The Apparent Thresholds of Toxicity to Daphnia Magna for Chlorides of Various Metals When Added to Lake Erie Water

Anderson, Bertil Gottfrid

doi:10.1577/1548-8659(1948)78[96:tatott]2.0.co;2

Cited by 102 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…5A, C) . This observation accords well with those of Anderson (1945), Surber (1953, Gaufin & Tarzwell (1956), Gaufin (1958), Hynes (1960), Mellanby (1972 and Sedgwick & Arthur (1976) in relation to the adverse effects of pollution upon aquatic communities . With regard to the benthic assemblages, it has been stated (Surber, 1953) that diluted domestic sewage which maintains oxygen levels above 5 mg/litre, may actually feed benthic animals `and cause them to multiply indirectly by stimulating the multiplication of microscopic plants and animals upon which they feed, thereby increasing the food supply .'…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

A hydrobiological survey of a polluted canal

Mohammad

1980

Hydrobiologia

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The present state of a man-cut canal and a waste stream discharging into it was assessed . Some chemical and physical aspects of the study area have been measured and the diversity of the macroinvertebrates has been quantified .Species diversity of the net populations varied inversely to the degree of pollution . In the benthos, however, the nature of the bottom seemed to be largely responsible for the changes in community composition : the indices of diversity increased with increase in the amounts of silt and organic detritus . The ranges of phosphate, nitrite, ammonia, temperature, dissolved oxygen, chlorine (in chlorides), hardness, pH, transparency and velocity of the water were insufficient to produce detectable effects upon the diversity of the fauna .The waste stream had no macroscopic animal, save for the pollution-tolerant oligochaete, Limnodrilus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

A hydrobiological survey of a polluted canal

Mohammad

1980

Hydrobiologia

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“…Experimental data show that acute toxicity (as LC50) for freshwater cladocerans occurred below 3 g dm − 3 of NaCl; however, for Daphnia magna, toxicity was observed at various concentrations: 6.7 g dm − 3 by Cowgill and Milazzo (1990), 3.68 g dm − 3 by Anderson et al (1948), and 4.625 g dm − 3 by Biesinger and Christensen (1972). The 96 h LC50 for caddisfly, mayfly, and midge ranged between 3.5 and 6 g dm − 3 ; other mayfly species are usually more sensitive (< 0.7 g dm − 3 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 96 h LC50 for caddisfly, mayfly, and midge ranged between 3.5 and 6 g dm − 3 ; other mayfly species are usually more sensitive (< 0.7 g dm − 3 ). Anderson et al (1948) reported a 64 h immobilisation threshold for Cyclops vernalis, Mesocyclops leuckartii, Diaptomus oregonensis, Leptodora kindti, and D. magna in the range of 0.127-0.640 g dm − 3 of KCl and 3.030-6.100 g dm − 3 of NaCl. However, laboratory toxicity tests results are often inconsistent with field observations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique Pit Lake Created in an Opencast Potassium Salt Mine (Dombrovska Pit Lake in Kalush, Ukraine)

et al. 2018

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We studied the physicochemical and biological characteristics of the Dombrovska pit lake in Ukraine. The lake formed in an abandoned opencast potassium salt mine and is one of the most saline inland water bodies in the world. It is 85 m deep (November 2015) and an annual inflow of about 2 Mm 3 of water. The lake has two distinct layers. The mesohaline surface (0-5 m) layer is well oxygenated and slightly alkaline (pH = 7.5-8.8). Its mineralization, expressed as dry mass, was 50-134 g dm − 3 , and its electrical conductivity (EC) was 58-134 mS cm − 1 . The underlying layer consists of hypersaline water with low amounts of dissolved oxygen, a neutral pH (6.7-7.4), high mineralization (179-420 g dm − 3 ), high EC (169-215 mS cm − 1 ), and higher concentrations of major anions and cations (except Ca 2+ ) and nutrients than the overlying water. The vertical relationship between major ions and metals and the future salinity of the lake are discussed. In terms of zooplankton, in July we found living specimens of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis and the ciliates Paradileptus elephantinus and Tindinnidium sp. as well as dead rotifers, cladocerans, and copepods (in total, 19 species), but only live B. plicatilis and 9 dead species in November. In the littoral part of the pit lake, we found the diatoms Nitzschia pusilla and some Halamphora species (H. borealis, H. tenerrima, H. acutiuscula), which favour highly saline waters.

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“…7 g/L for a 1-d versus a 15-d exposure (concentration increased gradually for 15-d experiment) [59]. For cladocerans (Daphnia magna), EC50 decreased from 6.1 g/L to 3.7 g/L for a 16-h versus a 64-h exposure [60,61]. For fish (Pimephales, Carassius), LC50 decreased from 7.9-9.9 g/L to 7.3-7.7 g/L for a 1-d versus a 6-d exposure 118,191.…”

Section: Nacl Toxicity and The Effect Of Current Velocity On Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity testing with artificial streams: Effects of differences in current velocity

Lowell

Culp

Wrona

1995

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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When designing toxicity tests with lotic organisms, the role of current velocity is a key consideration when evaluating the test organism's response. We conducted a series of short‐term toxicity experiments with the mayfly Baetis tricaudatus Dodds to determine the effect of current velocity on mayfly response to the reference toxicant sodium chloride. The tests were run at three substratum‐level velocities: low (0 cm/s), medium (6 cm/s, typical of estimated intrasubstratum velocities in the field), and high (12 cm/s). The end points measured for the mayflies were immobilization and number of molts. The animals showed signs of stress, and the EC50 was lower in the 0 cm/s treatment, probably due to insufficient delivery of oxygen to the gills. This did not, however, lead to much change in sensitivity (measured as lowest‐observed‐effect concentration; LOEC) to the reference toxicant. Furthermore, neither EC50 nor LOEC differed between 6 and 12 cm/s. This suggests a threshold between 0 and 6 cm/s above which the effect of current velocity was no longer measurable. These results provide initial support for the recommendation that short‐term toxicity tests using lotic organisms should ensure that the animals are exposed to at least some flow. Long‐term tests, and those with different toxicants, may require further fine‐tuning of current velocity.

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The Apparent Thresholds of Toxicity to Daphnia Magna for Chlorides of Various Metals When Added to Lake Erie Water

Cited by 102 publications

References 0 publications

A hydrobiological survey of a polluted canal

A hydrobiological survey of a polluted canal

Unique Pit Lake Created in an Opencast Potassium Salt Mine (Dombrovska Pit Lake in Kalush, Ukraine)

Toxicity testing with artificial streams: Effects of differences in current velocity

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