The Appearance of a Hepatotrophic Virus in Mice Thymectomized at Birth

East, June; Parrott, Delphine M. V.; Chesterman, Frederick C.; Pomerance, Ariela

doi:10.1084/jem.118.6.1069

Cited by 42 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Granulomatous lesions, giant cells, and large macrophages containing nuclear debris, were also noted in the spleens of some healthy and many wasting thymectomized mice. These changes are associated with the presence of an hepatotrophic virus MHV-1 (8) and are usually, although not invariably, accompanied by macroscopic liver lesions. The lesions were present in both the white and the red pulp and had no particular relation to the thymus-dependent areas.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thymus-Dependent Areas in the Lymphoid Organs of Neonatally Thymectomized Mice

Parrott

Sousa

East

1966

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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450

105

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Specific areas of lymphocyte depletion, termed thymus-dependent areas, have been delineated in neonatally thymectomized C3H/Bi and F1 (C57BL x C3H/Bi) mice. They occur within the lymphoid follicles of the spleen immediately surrounding the central arterioles, and constitute the mid and deep cortical zones of the lymph nodes. These depleted areas appear in healthy thymectomized mice as early as 3 wk after operation but, in mice which survive for more than 6 to 7 wk, the thymus-dependent areas are repopulated by rapidly dividing pyroninophilic cells, the majority of which are immature plasma cells. Syngeneic thymus cells, labeled in vitro with tritiated adenosine localize preferentially in the thymus-dependent areas after intravenous injection. Similarly labeled spleen cells also accumulate in these areas but, in addition, are distributed at the periphery of splenic follicles and in the outer cortical zone of the lymph nodes. Many more spleen than thymus cells enter the lymphoid tissues and the spleen appears to be the primary target. The apparent paradox that syngeneic thymus cells are less efficient than spleen cells in restoring neonatally thymectomized mice to normality is discussed in the light of these results and possible routes by which the migrating cells could enter the lymphoid tissues are considered. The origin of the plasma cells which repopulate the lymphocyte depleted areas is also discussed. It is concluded that the normal thymus produces cells which contribute directly to the migratory or circulatory lymphocyte population but that there also exists another source of supply for the plasma cell series. These two systems may function synergistically so that the thymus may control, directly or indirectly, the balance of cell populations within the body.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thymus-Dependent Areas in the Lymphoid Organs of Neonatally Thymectomized Mice

Parrott

Sousa

East

1966

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

Self Cite

450

105

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“…Although predominantly hepatotropic in thymus-competent suckling mice (12,13), murine hepatitis is a systemic infection in nude mice (11) and in thymectomized mice (14), The major pathogenic effect is in the liver, where changes range from minor focal intralobular hepatocyte necrosis to massive hepatic necrosis (11,15) (Figure 1). The virus is excreted in feces (12,13) and is easily transmitted throughout the facility.…”

Section: Breeding and Maintenancementioning

confidence: 99%

Considerations in the use of nude mice for cancer research

1984

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Transplants of human tumors in nude mice have shown a progressive increase during the past 15 years as an experimental model for cancer research. A variety of factors, including relatively fragile health, have been identified that require appropriate experimental controls if the investigator is obtain consistent results. Not all tumors grow in nude mice. The frequency of tumor 'take' varies according to tumor origin, tumor type, inoculation site, age and conditioning of the mouse host, and a variety of other factors. Manipulation of these variables has led to successful propagation of almost every known variety of human malignancy. Following transplant, changes in characteristics have been documented, but the frequency and degree of such changes remains uncertain. Tumor growth rate probably increases after transplantation, requiring great care in the interpretation of chemotherapy experiments, but biochemical characteristics may be more stable. The nude mouse offers great interest as a model for the in vivo study of metastasis, as a number of experimental variables, mainly immunological, have been shown to affect this process. Spontaneous tumors have been shown to arise in these animals, but the controversy over their frequency relative to the thymus-bearing background strain is unresolved. We conclude that the nude mouse/tumor xenograft model, while requiring meticulous experimental controls, is nevertheless an extremely useful tool for cancer research.

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“…Thymectomized mice demonstrated an increased susceptibility to viral [20] and bacterial [41] infections and many bacteria and viruses are known to crossreact antigenically with blood group antigens [12,42], 'Background' spleen PFC to SRBC were not increased in number after thymectomy in mice [2,25]. However, antibodies possibly associated with autoimmune phenom ena appeared in wasting thymectomized mice [19,51] and in rabbits sub ject to central lymphoid tissue extirpation [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<i>In vitro</i> Studies of Chicken Lymphoid Cells

Alm¹

1971

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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White leghorn chickens, thymectomized and sublethally X-irradiated at hatching, showed increased titers of serum hemagglutinins to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). Increased numbers of direct spleen plaque forming cells (PFC) were demonstrated with the Jerne technique using this antigen. Deliberate immunization i.v. with SRBC did not significantly increase the hemagglutinin titers or the numbers of direct or indirect PFCs per spleen. Spleen cells from thymectomized-irradiated chickens (TX) in tissue culture displayed impaired proliferative responses, measured as ³H-thymidine uptake, to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and allogeneic spleen cells treated with mitomycin C. Also the proliferative response of spleen cells from immunized TX chickens to SRBC appeared deficient.

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The Appearance of a Hepatotrophic Virus in Mice Thymectomized at Birth

Abstract: 1 outbred stock (TO) of mice were used. With one exception, all the donors were thymectomized within 24 hours of birth using anaesthesia produced by cooling (7). Wasting donors were killed in the final stage of debilitation and so varied as to sex, age, and extent of 1069 on

Cited by 42 publications

References 14 publications

Thymus-Dependent Areas in the Lymphoid Organs of Neonatally Thymectomized Mice

Thymus-Dependent Areas in the Lymphoid Organs of Neonatally Thymectomized Mice

Considerations in the use of nude mice for cancer research

<i>In vitro</i> Studies of Chicken Lymphoid Cells

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