The apple fruit microbiome: influence of orchard management, cultivar, storage time and storage atmosphere

Britt, E.; Bösch, Yvonne; Perren, Sarah; Naef, Andreas; Frey, Jürg E.; Bühlmann, Andreas

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2021.1325.44

Cited by 3 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…structure and diversity of apple fruit, including tissuespecific differences (Abdelfattah et al, 2016(Abdelfattah et al, , 2021, management practices (Abdelfattah et al, 2016;Bösch et al, 2021;Britt et al, 2021), geographical location (Abdelfattah et al, 2021), post-harvest treatment (Abdelfattah et al, 2020), genotype/cultivar, growing season, storage duration, and storage atmosphere (Bösch et al, 2021;Britt et al, 2021). However, most of T A B L E 4 Differentially represented genera between growing seasons (2019, 2020) in core and peel tissues which were found to contain potential pathogens, symbionts, or parasites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Significant impacts on the fungal communities of apple fruit between growing seasons have previously been observed in apple peel at post-storage stage (Bösch et al, 2021;Britt et al, 2021). A large effect due to growing season was observed in this study, while Britt et al's study indicated that growing season had a larger effect on the microbiome than cultivar, management protocol, or sampling date (Bösch et al, 2021;Britt et al, 2021). Our data provide additional evidence indicating that growing season may be the most significant determinant in the fungal communities of apple fruit at harvest in both peels and cores, especially within a specific geographical growing region.…”

Section: Effect Of Environmental Factors In Different Growing Seasonmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Changes to the bacterial microbial communities have been demonstrated in apple flowers from budding to petal fall (Shade et al, 2013 ). Individual growing seasons, cultivars, management practices, and storage duration have all been observed to impact microbial diversities in apple peel tissues after storage (Bösch et al, 2021 ; Britt et al, 2021 ). In addition, shifts in specific microbial taxa have been demonstrated to occur between different orchard management practices, storage durations, and storage protocols (Bösch et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacts of abiotic factors on the fungal communities of ‘Honeycrisp’ apples in Canada

McLaughlin

Yurgel

Abbasi

et al. 2023

Microbial Biotechnology

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The maintenance of the beneficial plant microbiome to control plant pathogens is an emerging concept of disease management, and necessitates a clear understanding of these microbial communities and the environmental factors that affect their diversity and compositional structure. As such, studies investigating the microbiome of economically significant cultivars within each growing region are necessary to develop adequate disease management strategies. Here, we assessed the relative impacts of growing season, management strategy, and geographical location on the fungal microbiome of 'Honeycrisp' apples from seven different orchard locations in the Atlantic Maritime Ecozone for two consecutive growing years. Though apple fruit tissue was dominated by relatively few fungal genera, significant changes in their fungal communities were observed as a result of environmental factors, including shifts in genera with plant-associated lifestyles (symbionts and pathogens), such as Aureobasidium, Alternaria, Penicillium, Diplodia, and Mycosphaerella. Variation in fungal composition between different tissues of fruit was also observed. We demonstrate that growing season is the most significant factor affecting fungal community structure and diversity of apple fruit, suggesting that future microbiome studies should take place for multiple growing seasons to better represent the host-microbiome of perennial crops under different environmental conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Environmental Factors In Different Growing Seasonmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacts of abiotic factors on the fungal communities of ‘Honeycrisp’ apples in Canada

McLaughlin

Yurgel

Abbasi

et al. 2023

Microbial Biotechnology

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“…To implement microbiome maintenance for disease control a thorough understanding of how the available treatment options impact the fruit microbiome is needed. Although the literature has found evidence of variation in apple fungal communities between conventional and organic management practices, the impact of exogenous plant defence elicitors on these communities has yet to be explored ( Abdelfattah et al, 2016 ; Bösch et al, 2021 ; Britt et al, 2021 ; McLaughlin et al, 2023 ). In addition to variation by treatment regime, spatial variation by tissue types and variations due to changes in environmental conditions between growing seasons have also been described ( Abdelfattah et al, 2016 ; Bösch et al, 2021 ; Abdelfattah et al, 2021a ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, we demonstrated that variations in environmental conditions between growing seasons had the greatest influence on the apple fruit microbiome compared to tissue type, management practice, and geographical location within a single ecozone ( McLaughlin et al, 2023 ). However, compelling evidence suggests that many factors—including geographical location, management practices, tissue type, cultivar., storage duration, and pre-storage treatments—can significantly impact the structure and diversity of the fungal microbiome of apple fruit ( Abdelfattah et al, 2016 ; Bösch et al, 2021 ; Britt et al, 2021 ; Abdelfattah et al, 2021a ). Though interaction effects between the geographical location and tissue type have been reported ( Abdelfattah et al, 2021a ), determining how all of the aforementioned factors interact with one another to influence the apple fruit microbiome still requires more investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of chemical fungicides and salicylic acid on the apple microbiome and fungal disease incidence under changing environmental conditions

McLaughlin,

Yurgel,

Abbasi

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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Epiphytic and endophytic micro-organisms associated with plants form complex communities on or in their host plant. These communities influence physiological traits, development, and host susceptibility to abiotic and biotic stresses, and these communities are theorized to have evolved alongside their hosts, forming a unit of selection known as the holobiont. The microbiome is highly variable and can be influenced by abiotic factors, including applied exogenous agents. In this study, we compared the impact of chemical fungicide and salicylic acid treatments on the fungal communities of “Honeycrisp” apples at harvest over two consecutive growing years. We demonstrated variations in fungal community structure and composition by tissue type, growing season, and treatment regimes and that fungicide treatments were associated with reduced network complexity. Finally, we show that the inclusion of salicylic acid with 50% less chemical fungicides in an integrated spray program allowed a reduction in fungicide use while maintaining effective control of disease at harvest and following storage.

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Fungal Biodiversity of Apple Bark, Leaves, Stems, and Fruit Under Rain Shelters with Reduced Fungicide Schedule

Longa,

Nicola,

Pindo

et al. 2024

Agriculture

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The use of rain shelters is a promising agronomic practice to protect crops from rainfall, reducing the need for fungicides to control certain pathogens that take advantage of leaf wetness. However, the combined condition of absence of rain and reduced fungicide schedule can affect the fungal populations, possibly favoring biocontrol agents and/or other pathogens. In this study, the effects this practice on epiphytic and endophytic fungal communities associated with barks, leaves, flowers, and fruits of two apple cultivars (Fuji and Golden Delicious) were evaluated across two seasons. Apple plants were grown under two conditions in a commercial-like orchard: (1) covered by rain shelters with reduced fungicide schedule and (2) uncovered with standard integrated pest management (IPM) schedule. The use of rain shelters combined with reduced fungicide applications affects the overall fungal community structure and their abundance of specific taxa. Leaf epiphytes were the most impacted community, and fungal communities also differed between the two apple cultivars. The use of rain shelters helped reduce fungicide input in the orchard, but it increased the abundance of potential pathogens compared to the IPM in open field conditions, such as powdery mildew and apple scab. Understanding how the plant microbiome responds to new practices that help in reducing fungicides can help developing strategies that avoid the build-up of potentially new pathogens.

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The apple fruit microbiome: influence of orchard management, cultivar, storage time and storage atmosphere

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Impacts of abiotic factors on the fungal communities of ‘Honeycrisp’ apples in Canada

Impacts of abiotic factors on the fungal communities of ‘Honeycrisp’ apples in Canada

The effects of chemical fungicides and salicylic acid on the apple microbiome and fungal disease incidence under changing environmental conditions

Fungal Biodiversity of Apple Bark, Leaves, Stems, and Fruit Under Rain Shelters with Reduced Fungicide Schedule

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