The application of 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging for human hepatocellular carcinoma: a narrative review

Yao, Yong; Civelek, A. Cahid; Li, Xiao-Feng

doi:10.21037/qims-22-1420

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…However, since morphological characteristics do not incorporate the biological behavior of the tumor, PET imaging agents have been evaluated as well [60]. Generally, [ 18 F]FDG PET is not considered useful for HCC detection and it is not currently recommended for the diagnosis of HCC because of the high rate of false-negative results; conversely, [ 11 C]/[ 18 F]choline PET has demonstrated a higher detection rate and sensitivity compared to [ 18 F]FDG [61,62]. In this scenario, radiolabeled PSMA PET/CT has recently shown promising results in comparison with [ 18 F]FDG.…”

Section: Hepatocellular Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography Oncological Applications beyond Prostate Cancer in Comparison to Other Radiopharmaceuticals

Miceli,

Liberini,

Pepe

et al. 2024

Diagnostics

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Background: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein overexpressed on the surface of tumor cells in most of the patients affected by prostate adenocarcinoma (PCa). However, PSMA expression has also been demonstrated in the endothelial cells of newly formed vessels of various solid tumors, suggesting a role for PSMA in neoangiogenesis. In this scenario, gallium-68 (68Ga) or fluoro-18 (18F)-labeled PSMA positron emission tomography (PET) may play a role in tumors other than PCa, generally evaluated employing other radiopharmaceuticals targeting different pathways. This review aims to investigate the detection rate of PSMA-PET compared to other radiopharmaceuticals (especially [18F]FDG) in non-prostate tumors to identify patients who may benefit from the use of such a theragnostic agent. Methods: We performed a bibliographic search on three different databases until February 2024 using the following terms: “positron emission tomography”, “PET”, “PET/CT”, “Prostate-specific membrane antigen”, “PSMA”, “non-prostate”, “not prostate cancer”, “solid tumor”, “FDG”, “Fluorodeoxyglucose”, “FAPi”, “FET”, “MET”, “DOPA”, “choline”, “FCH”, “FES”, “DOTATOC”, “DOTANOC”, and “DOTATATE”. Only original articles edited in English with at least 10 patients were included. Results: Out of a total of 120 articles, only 25 original articles comparing PSMA with other radiotracers were included in this study. The main evidence was demonstrated in renal cell carcinoma, where PSMA showed a higher detection rate compared to [18F]FDG PET/CT, with implications for patient management. PSMA PET may also improve the assessment of other entities, such as gliomas, in defining regions of early neoangiogenesis. Further data are needed to evaluate the potential role of PSMA-PET in triple-negative breast cancer as a novel therapeutic vascular target. Finally, unclear applications of PSMA-PET include thyroid and gastrointestinal tumors. Conclusions: The present review shows the potential use of PSMA-labeled PET/CT in solid tumors beyond PCa, underlining its value over other radiopharmaceuticals (mainly [18F]FDG). Prospective clinical trials with larger sample sizes are crucial to further investigate these possible clinical applications.

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Section: Hepatocellular Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography Oncological Applications beyond Prostate Cancer in Comparison to Other Radiopharmaceuticals

Miceli,

Liberini,

Pepe

et al. 2024

Diagnostics

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“…Surgery usually is recommended as curative therapy for early-stage HCC according to current clinical practice guidelines ( 3 , 4 ); however, about 70% of patients treated with SR and 25% of those treated with LT experience recurrence, and the 5-year overall survival (OS) rate is also unsatisfactory, at only 15–20% ( 35 ). Numerous studies have demonstrated that MVI is a strong risk factor correlated with these poor outcomes ( 1 , 5 , 9 - 12 ).…”

Section: The Clinical Importance Of MVImentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the predominant form of primary liver cancer and due to its increasing incidence and mortality, is gradually becoming a global health problem ( 1 - 3 ). In recent decades, with the advance of imaging techniques, an increasing number HCC cases are being detected at the early stage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preoperative prediction of microvascular invasion: new insights into personalized therapy for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma

Wang,

Liao,

Chen

et al. 2024

Quant Imaging Med Surg

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Owing to advances in diagnosis and treatment methods over past decades, a growing number of early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnoses has enabled a greater of proportion of patients to receive curative treatment. However, a high risk of early recurrence and poor prognosis remain major challenges in HCC therapy. Microvascular invasion (MVI) has been demonstrated to be an essential independent predictor of early recurrence after curative therapy. Currently, biopsy is not generally recommended before treatment to evaluate MVI in HCC according clinical guidelines due to sampling error and the high risk of tumor cell seeding following biopsy. Therefore, the postoperative histopathological examination is recognized as the gold standard of MVI diagnosis, but this lagging indicator greatly impedes clinicians in selecting the optimal effective treatment for prognosis. As imaging can now noninvasively and completely assess the whole tumor and host situation, it is playing an increasingly important role in the preoperative assessment of MVI. Therefore, imaging criteria for MVI diagnosis would be highly desirable for optimizing individualized therapeutic decision-making and achieving a better prognosis. In this review, we summarize the emerging image characteristics of different imaging modalities for predicting MVI. We also discuss whether advances in imaging technique have generated evidence that could be practice-changing and whether advanced imaging techniques will revolutionize therapeutic decision-making of early-stage HCC.

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The application of 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging for human hepatocellular carcinoma: a narrative review

Cited by 2 publications

References 60 publications

Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography Oncological Applications beyond Prostate Cancer in Comparison to Other Radiopharmaceuticals

Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography Oncological Applications beyond Prostate Cancer in Comparison to Other Radiopharmaceuticals

Preoperative prediction of microvascular invasion: new insights into personalized therapy for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma

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