The application of biosurfactant-producing bacteria immobilized in PVA/SA/bentonite bio-composite for hydrocarbon-contaminated soil bioremediation

Abstract

Oil spills that contaminate the environment can harm the surrounding ecosystem.

Anionic dye removal by immobilized bacteria into alginate-polyvinyl alcohol-bentonite matrix

“…The statistical analysis employed Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to investigate the significant different between each treatment on beads immobilization and free cell, which expressed as mean of three replicates ± SD (standard deviation). The difference between mean values at confidence level of 5% (P < 0.05) were considered as statistically significant between group mean [ 1 , 38 ].…”

Adsorption and biodegradation of the azo dye methyl orange using Ralstonia pickettii immobilized in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)–alginate–hectorite beads (BHec-RP)

“…A PVA–alginate mixture is the main supporting material for cell immobilization, widely applied. 35–38 This is preferred because the mixture can form perfectly round beads, possess strong mechanical characteristics, and stabilize cells. However, the polymer results in a denser surface for the beads, limiting mass transfer within the system.…”