The application of camphorsulfonic acid doped polyaniline films prepared on TCO-free glass for counter electrode of bifacial dye-sensitized solar cells

Measurement on the structural, morphological, electrical and optical properties of PANI-CSA nanofilms

“…So, to sort-out these problems and to prove the applicability of PANI film in solar cells as photoactive layer, we next concentrate on PANI films with organic dopant and organic solvent. Camphorsulfonic acid (CSA) doped PANI (PANI-CSA) thin film find application in bifacial dye sensitized solar cells as counter electrode, which impart superior photo-voltaic performances for the device by presenting power conversion efficiency of 5.5% [20]. As it posses metal-like behavior, it was used as a filler in poly(methylmethacrylate) composites to produce highly conductive electrospun nanofibers [21].…”

Recent Developments of the Solution-Processable and Highly Conductive Polyaniline Composites for Optical and Electrochemical Applications

“…In addition, performing the interfacial polymerization at less than −30 °C promotes para-coupling of aniline monomers, which resulted in PANI nanostructures with fewer structural defects [7,8]. The secondarily doped of the PANI prepared by the interfacial polymerization has shown the maximum conductivity close to 10 3 S/cm, which is approximately six times higher than the conventional PANI:CSA synthesized by conventional single-phase polymerization, due to the enhanced Recently, there have been various approaches for enhancing the electrical conductivity and electrochemical properties of the PANI:CSA for use in various applications, such as SCs [12][13][14][15][17][18][19], TE materials [20,54,55,58,59,61,68,69], supercapacitors [16,60,62,67], chemical sensors [56,65,70], antennas [63,66], EMI shielding [71], OFETs [72], anti-corrosion coatings [73], and so forth.…”

“…In the past, studies on improving the conductivity of PANI:CSA have been carried out by controlling the solvent [5,10], temperature [7,11], film-forming time [11], and film-thickness [12]. It was evident that the optimum electrical conductivity was achieved when using a solvent consisting of a higher amount of m-cresol and an appropriate amount of CHCl 3 [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. According to the method of Kaner et al, more uniform PANI nanofibers (NFs) were readily formed at a water/CHCl 3 interface when compared to the conventional synthesis of aniline while using a single aqueous phase [2].…”

“…The PANI:CSA is considered to be one of the promising substitutes for platinum-coated transparent conductive oxides (Pt-coated TCOs). This is because the Pt-coated TCOs suffer from mechanical brittleness of TCOs, and it is difficult to cover the large areas of TCOs while using the Pt-sputtering process [14,15]. The PANI:CSA CE has demonstrated a transmittance of 72.9% at 600 nm, and the PCE of DSSCs while using the PANI:CSA CEs was changed by different protonation levels of the PANI structure [13].…”

“…Therefore, the PANI:CSA can have good compatibility with the m-cresol/chloroform co-solvent system [5,6,15,16]. Although hydrogen bonding interaction between the PANI:CSA and water molecule is also possible, the solubility of the PANI:CSA in water is poor as compared with the m-cresol/chloroform co-solvent [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Electrodes that are generated from the PANI:CSA solution boast two or three orders of magnitude greater conductivity when compared to conventional PANI electrodes [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”