The application of chromatographic breath analysis in the search of volatile biomarkers of chronic kidney disease and coexisting type 2 diabetes mellitus

Chronic kidney disease may result in end stage renal disorder and increased mortality rate. Up to date, kidney transplantation represents the only definitive treatment to restore normal life expectancy. Nevertheless, there is a high risk of organ rejection in the short-medium term after surgery. This paper proposes a new ReCIVA®-GC-MS technology to potentially predict the rejection of the transplanted kidney during the first year after surgery by analyzing human breath. Twenty VOCs, recognized by literature as targets or as representative of the major classes of molecules essential to the identification of chronic kidney disease affected patients and/or healthy subjects, were selected and employed for this methodology optimization. The breath profile of healthy subjects was considered as target in case of restored kidney function after transplantation. Calibration curves, linearity concentration range, limit of detection and quantification of selected molecules were estimated as well as the intra-day and inter-day reproducibility of the method. To test the applicability of the GC-MS developed methodology, the breath of healthy subjects and chronic kidney disease affected patients was ReCIVA® sampled, and then analyzed. Sixty-seven molecules were identified, and between these, thirteen of twenty selected compounds were quantified, confirming the robustness of the optimized protocol.

show abstract

“…[48]. Similar values were recorded also for nitrogen and sulfur containing compounds, and ketones [48][49].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Optimization of a breath analysis methodology to potentially diagnose transplanted kidney rejection

Vietro

Aresta

Picciariello

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As a result, a metabolic flip or dysregulated metabolism in adipose tissue might be detected early and simply by VOC profiling, which could speed up and improve the sensitivity of clinical diagnosis. There may be a correlation between the altered release of VOCs from adipocytes and the breath VOCs of diabetic patients [142], which is related to the metabolic connection between diabetes, obesity, and adipose tissue. It has been postulated that in the presence of an abundance of energy (as is the case in the obese state), lipogenesis is triggered by a metabolic switch that allows adipocytes to survive and sustain stress episodes such as hypoxia [143].…”

Section: Potential Role Of Oxidative Stress-generated Voc In Obesity-...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Role of Oxidative Stress in the Production of Volatile Organic Compounds in Obesity

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Obesity is associated with numerous health issues such as sleep disorders, asthma, hepatic dysfunction, cancer, renal dysfunction, diabetes, cardiovascular complications, and infertility. Previous research has shown that the distribution of excess body fat, rather than excess body weight, determines obesity-related risk factors. It is widely accepted that abdominal fat is a serious risk factor for illnesses associated with obesity and the accumulation of visceral fat promotes the release of pro-oxidants, pro-inflammatory, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The metabolic process in the human body produces several volatile organic compounds (VOCs) via urine, saliva, breath, blood, skin secretions, milk, and feces. Several studies have shown that VOCs are released by the interaction of ROS with underlying cellular components leading to increased protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, or DNA damage. These VOCs released via oxidative stress in obese individuals may serves as a biomarker for obesity-related metabolic alterations and disease. In this review, we focus on the relationship between oxidative stress and VOCs in obesity.

show abstract

“…Dimethylsulfide (DMS) was also increased. Recent work in patients with diabetes has shown a strong correlation between exhaled DMS and hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) in the blood [103]. Both CO and H 2 S are potent inhibitors of mitochondrial oxygen consumption [104].…”

Section: Breathomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic and behavioral features of acute hyperpurinergia and the maternal immune activation mouse model of autism spectrum disorder

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Since 2012, studies in mice, rats, and humans have suggested that abnormalities in purinergic signaling may be a final common pathway for many genetic and environmental causes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The current study in mice was conducted to characterize the bioenergetic, metabolomic, breathomic, and behavioral features of acute hyperpurinergia triggered by systemic injection of the purinergic agonist and danger signal, extracellular ATP (eATP). Responses were studied in C57BL/6J mice in the maternal immune activation (MIA) model and controls. Basal metabolic rates and locomotor activity were measured in CLAMS cages. Plasma metabolomics measured 401 metabolites. Breathomics measured 98 volatile organic compounds. Intraperitoneal eATP dropped basal metabolic rate measured by whole body oxygen consumption by 74% ± 6% (mean ± SEM) and rectal temperature by 6.2˚ ± 0.3˚C in 30 minutes. Over 200 metabolites from 37 different biochemical pathways where changed. Breathomics showed an increase in exhaled carbon monoxide, dimethylsulfide, and isoprene. Metabolomics revealed an acute increase in lactate, citrate, purines, urea, dopamine, eicosanoids, microbiome metabolites, oxidized glutathione, thiamine, niacinamide, and pyridoxic acid, and decreased folate-methylation-1-carbon intermediates, amino acids, short and medium chain acyl-carnitines, phospholipids, ceramides, sphingomyelins, cholesterol, bile acids, and vitamin D similar to some children with ASD. MIA animals were hypersensitive to postnatal exposure to eATP or poly(IC), which produced a rebound increase in body temperature that lasted several weeks before returning to baseline. Acute hyperpurinergia produced metabolic and behavioral changes in mice. The behaviors and metabolic changes produced by ATP injection were associated with mitochondrial functional changes that were profound but reversible.

show abstract

The application of chromatographic breath analysis in the search of volatile biomarkers of chronic kidney disease and coexisting type 2 diabetes mellitus

Cited by 32 publications

References 32 publications

Optimization of a breath analysis methodology to potentially diagnose transplanted kidney rejection

Optimization of a breath analysis methodology to potentially diagnose transplanted kidney rejection

Potential Role of Oxidative Stress in the Production of Volatile Organic Compounds in Obesity

Metabolic and behavioral features of acute hyperpurinergia and the maternal immune activation mouse model of autism spectrum disorder

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About