The application of compound-specific sulfur isotopes to the oil–source rock correlation of Kurdistan petroleum

Greenwood, Paul F.; Mohammed, Luma; Grice, Kliti; McCulloch, Malcolm T.; Schwark, Lorenz

doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2017.11.016

Cited by 26 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Aliphatic, mono‐ and polyaromatic, or NSO (nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen) fractions are separated with columns and reagents 177 . The δ 34 S values of individual organosulfur compounds are measured with gas chromatography (GC)‐MC‐ICP‐MS, 181 especially thioaromatic compounds such as benzothiophenes (BTs), dibenzothiophenes (DBTs) and methyldibenzothiophenes 182,183 …”

Section: Chemical Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Procedures from samples to sulfur isotopic data: A review

Zhao,

Guo,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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RationaleSulfur isotopes have been widely used to solve some key scientific questions, especially in the last two decades with advanced instruments and analytical schemes. Different sulfur speciation and multiple isotopes analyzed in laboratories worldwide and in situ microanalysis have also been reported in many articles. However, methods of sampling to measurements are multifarious, and occasionally some inaccuracies are present in published papers. Vague methods may mislead newcomers to the field, puzzle readers, or lead to incorrect data‐based correlations.MethodsWe have reviewed multiple methods on sulfur isotopic analyses from the perspectives of sampling, laboratory work, and instrumental analysis in order to help reduce operational inhomogeneity and ensure the fidelity of sulfur isotopic data. We do not deem our proposed solutions as the ultimate standard methods but as a lead‐in to the overall introduction and summary of the current methods used.ResultsIt has been shown that external contamination and transformation of different sulfur species should be avoided during the sampling, pretreatment, storage, and chemical treatment processes. Conversion rates and sulfur isotopic fractionations during sulfur extraction, purification, and conversion processes must be verified by researchers using standard or known samples. The unification of absence of isotopic fractionation is needed during all steps, and long‐term monitoring of standard samples is recommended.ConclusionThis review compiles more details on different methods in sampling, laboratory operation, and measurement of sulfur isotopes, which is beneficial for researchers' better practice in laboratories. Microanalyses and molecular studies are the frontier techniques that compare the bulk sample with the elemental analysis/continuous flow–gas source stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry method, but the latter is widely used. The development of sulfur isotopic measurements will lead to the innovation in scientific issues with sulfur proxies.

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Section: Chemical Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Procedures from samples to sulfur isotopic data: A review

Zhao,

Guo,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…2). The dominance of C 29 and C 27 homologs indicates an open marine organic matter input [9][10][11].The values of 20S/(20S+20R) C 29 and ββ/ (ββ+αα) C 29 vary from 0.32 to 0.48 and 0.55-0.61 with an average value of 0.40 and 0.58 respectively; these two parameters are used to determine maturation level of Chia Gara Formation.…”

Section: Molecular Composition and Biomarker Assemblages 421 Isoprementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regionally most of the recent literatures claimed this type of kerogen (type II) for Chia Gara Formation in different parts of Iraq, in Shorish-1 well Erbil province [18]; in Kirkuk-109 (K109) well Kirkuk province [24,25], in outcrop at Banik area in Duhok province [26]. This type of kerogen can be type II-S kerogen [27], because the most of the Jurassic source rocks in Iraq are commonly comprised of carbonates rather than pure shaly sediments. As published in literature sulfur content in type II kerogen is generally higher than in type I or type III kerogens and may be particularly high in sulfur-rich rocks.…”

Section: Quality Of Organic Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrocarbon Generation Potential of Chia Gara Formation in Three Selected Wells, Northern Iraq

Mamaseni

Naqshabandi

Al-Jaboury³

2019

Open Geosciences

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In this study collected samples of Chia Gara Formation in Atrush, Shaikhan and Sarsang oilfields are used to geochemical characteristics of organic matter in this formation. This determination was based on Rock-Eval pyrolysis and Biomarker analyses. The Chia Gara Formation can be considered as good to excellent source rock; it’s TOC content ranges from 1.14-8.5wt% with an average of 1.85%, 3.91%, and 6.94% in Atush-1, Mangesh-1 and Shaikhan-8 wells respectively. The samples of Chia Gara Formation contain kerogen type II. These properties are considered optimal for oil generation. The low oxygen index (OI) and pristane/phytane (Pr/Ph) ratios (Average 20.73, 0.61 respectively) and high hydrogen index (HI) (average 637.6) indicate that the formation was deposited under anoxic condition. According to regular sterane (C27%, C28%, C29%) and terpanes ratios (C29/C30, C31/C30 hopane), the formation was deposited in marine environment. The average value of the Carbon Preference Index (CPI) is one with Tmax values of more than 430 ºC; these indicate peak oil window for the selected samples. Overall, the 20S/(20S+20R), ββ/(ββ+αα)C29 steranes and 22R/(22R+22S)C32homohopane, with Ts/ (Ts+Tm), and moretane/ hopane ratios point to a mature organic matter and to the ability of the formation to generate oil.

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“…However, these methods also have disadvantages. Although the characters of large numbers of samples can be described with the cross/ternary plot method, it has limitations when working with multiple parameters [10]. Multiple biomarkers can be well considered with the methods of chromatograms or homologous series distribution patterns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical Characteristics and Oil Source Correlation of Minfeng Area, Dongying Depression, China

Jiang

Zhao

et al. 2021

Geofluids

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The identification of the oil-source correlation plays a significant role in petroleum exploration and development. In this study, we identify the oil-source correlation by a hierarchical cluster analysis method combined with traditional methods. The results shed light on the oil-source correlation in Minfeng area and revealed the oil migration and accumulation process. The crude oil in different structural belts and different horizons has different geochemical characteristics. According to the four types of crude oil and their planner distribution, it was considered that the crude oil mainly migrates along with favorable sand bodies and unconformity surfaces in the lateral direction and then charged and accumulated in the glutenite of Sha3 and Sha4 members since the area from sag to Yan Jia Oil and the gas field was lacking of oil source faults. Further analysis shows that the traps of fault blocks in Yong’anzhen are formed in the same phase, while the crude oil generated in the early stage is charged and accumulated in the fault block of the near source. Along with increasing of the buried depth of source rocks, the overlying source rocks gradually entered into the hydrocarbon generation phase, when crude oil started to charge in the fault blocks farther away.

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The application of compound-specific sulfur isotopes to the oil–source rock correlation of Kurdistan petroleum

Cited by 26 publications

References 23 publications

Procedures from samples to sulfur isotopic data: A review

Procedures from samples to sulfur isotopic data: A review

Hydrocarbon Generation Potential of Chia Gara Formation in Three Selected Wells, Northern Iraq

Geochemical Characteristics and Oil Source Correlation of Minfeng Area, Dongying Depression, China

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