The application of computational fluid dynamics to natural river channels: three-dimensional versus two-dimensional approaches

Lane, Stuart N.; Bradbrook, K. F.; Richards, Keith; Biron, Pascale M.; Roy, Alain

doi:10.1016/s0169-555x(99)00003-3

Cited by 204 publications

(222 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…[5] While there are significant concerns over turbulence parameterization in these near wall treatments, research has demonstrated that, in natural river channels with gravelly beds, much greater uncertainty is introduced into predictions of the three-dimensional velocity field due to poor knowledge and treatment of topographic variability than is introduced by uncertainty over turbulence treatments at the wall [Lane et al, 1999]. The basic principle adopted for representing topographic variability involves the multiplication upward of the equivalent sand grain roughness (k s ) in equation (2b).…”

Section: Background To Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical modeling of flow processes over gravelly surfaces using structured grids and a numerical porosity treatment

Lane

Hardy

Elliott

et al. 2004

Water Resources Research

114

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[1] This article describes the development and validation of a method for representing the complex surface topography of gravel bed rivers in high-resolution three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic models. This is based on a regular structured grid and the application of a porosity modification to the mass conservation equation in which fully blocked cells are assigned a porosity of zero, fully unblocked cells are assigned a porosity of one, and partly blocked cells are assigned a porosity of between 0 and 1, according to the percentage of the cell volume that is blocked. The model retains an equilibrium wall function and an RNG-type two-equation turbulence model. The model is combined with a 0.002 m resolution digital elevation model of a flume-based, waterworked, gravel bed surface, acquired using two-media digital photogrammetry and with surface elevations that are precise to ±0.001 m. The model is validated by comparison with velocity data measured using a three-component acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV). Model validation demonstrates a significantly improved level of agreement than in previous studies, notably in relation to shear at the bed, although the resolution of model predictions was significantly higher than the ADV measurements, making model assessment in the presence of strong shear especially difficult. A series of simulations to assess model sensitivity to bed topographic and roughness representation were undertaken. These demonstrated inherent limitations in the prediction of 3-D flow fields in gravel bed rivers without high-resolution topographic representation. They also showed that model predictions of downstream flux were more sensitive to topographic smoothing that to changes in the roughness parameterization, reflecting the importance of both mass conservation (i.e., blockage) and momentum conservation effects at the grain and bed form scale. Model predictions allowed visualization of the structure of form-flow interactions at high resolution. In particular, the most protruding bed particles exerted a critical control on the turbulent kinetic energy maxima typically observed at about 20% of the flow depth above the bed.

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Section: Background To Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical modeling of flow processes over gravelly surfaces using structured grids and a numerical porosity treatment

Lane

Hardy

Elliott

et al. 2004

Water Resources Research

114

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“…Most sediment transport models used to simulate braided rivers are depth-averaged models because three-dimensional (3D) morphodynamics modeling tends to be computationally expensive and 3D calibration data are often unavailable (Lane et al, 1999). However, braided river flows are strongly affected by 3D effects and bedload transport tend not to be handled effectively using averaged cross-sectional or channel properties data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of observed bedload transport pathways using morphodynamic modeling

Mineault-Guitard¹,

Rennie²,

Williams³

2016

River Flow 2016

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Phenomena related to braiding, including local scour and fill, channel bar development, migration and avulsion, make numerical morphodynamic modeling of braided rivers challenging. This paper investigates the performance of a Delft3D model, in a 2D depth-averaged formulation, to simulate the morphodynamics of an anabranch of the Rees River (New Zealand). Model performance is evaluated using data from field surveys collected on the falling limb of a major high flow, and using several sediment transport formulas. Initial model results suggest that there is generally good agreement between observed and modeled bed levels. However, some discrepancies in the bed level estimations were noticed, leading to bed level, water depth and water velocity estimation errors.

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“…This is because, in urban areas, buildings behave as obstacles, leading to hydrodynamic forces like stagnation pressure, lateral shear and flow separation [23]. Lane et.al [24] found that 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models provide more reliable estimates of bed shear stress. They provide more information of the 3D flow structures, and better representation of the flow process than 2D models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a Three-Dimensional Unstructured-Mesh Finite-Element Flooding Model and Comparison with Two-Dimensional Approaches

Zhang

Feng

Maksimović

et al. 2015

Water Resour Manage

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General rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. AbstractUrban flood modelling plays a key role in assessment of flood risk in urban areas by providing detailed information of the flooding process (e.g. location, depth and velocity of flooding). Accurate modelling results are the basis of reliable flood risk evaluation. In this paper, a new 3D unstructured mesh urban flooding model developed in [1] has been applied to a flood event in a densely urbanized area within the city of Glasgow. Good agreement has been achieved when comparing the results with those published in other 2D shallow water models [2,3] in ponded areas. However, larger vertical velocity (> 0.2 m/s) and larger differences between the 3D and 2D model can be observed in areas with greater topographic gradients (> 3%). Through the modelling of a real flooding event this paper helps illustrate the case that 3D modelling techniques are promising to improve accuracy and obtain more detailed information related to urban flooding dynamics. This helps to obtain better assessments of flood damage and vulnerability of urban areas. To the * Corresponding author Email address: f.fang@imperial.ac.uk (F. Fang)Preprint submitted to Elsevier January 18, 2015 best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to apply a 3D unstructured mesh finite-element model to a real urban flooding event. It highlights some of the differences between the 3D and 2D urban flood modelling results.

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The application of computational fluid dynamics to natural river channels: three-dimensional versus two-dimensional approaches

Cited by 204 publications

References 30 publications

Numerical modeling of flow processes over gravelly surfaces using structured grids and a numerical porosity treatment

Numerical modeling of flow processes over gravelly surfaces using structured grids and a numerical porosity treatment

Validation of observed bedload transport pathways using morphodynamic modeling

Application of a Three-Dimensional Unstructured-Mesh Finite-Element Flooding Model and Comparison with Two-Dimensional Approaches

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