The Application of Ferric Chloride-Lignin Sulfonate as Shale Inhibitor in Water-Based Drilling Fluid

Abstract

A series of ferric chloride-lignin sulfonate (FCLS) was prepared from ferric chloride and lignin sulfonate to be used as shale inhibitor. The swelling rate of clay with FCLS-2 (w/w = 0.3%) decreased to 41.9%. Compared with control, FCLS-2 displayed high inhibitive ability against the hydrating and swelling processes of clay. Thus, the swelling degree of samples with FCLS-2 was much lower than that of the control, as well as the mud ball was more stable in FCLS-2 solution. Essentially, these excellent performances in inhibitor were assigned to the hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction and anchoring between FCLS-2 and other components. In addition, FCLS-2 has good compatibility with other common drilling fluid additives, and it can reduce the viscosity of systems, regardless of the room temperature or high temperature.

Evaluation and application of poly(ethylene glycol) as lubricant in water‐based drilling fluid for horizontal well in Sulige Gas Field

“…This means that PEG has a strong tendency to adhere onto the bentonite surface and it is not easily removed, which prevents the swelling of the bentonite particles and retains large particle size. Therefore, it is naturally beneficial for forming an adsorbed film, which leads to the enhancement of lubricity 41–43 …”

“…Therefore, it is naturally beneficial for forming an adsorbed film, which leads to the enhancement of lubricity. [41][42][43] Scanning electron microscopy The morphology of the bentonite particles subjected to various treatments was investigated using SEM. An SEM image of the particle morphology of bentonite hydrated in water-based drilling fluid without PEG is shown in Fig.…”

Lubricity and Rheological Properties of Highly Dispersed Graphite in Clay-Water-Based Drilling Fluids

“…The dried modified graphite sample was analyzed using a D8ADVAHCL X-ray diffractometer (Bruker, Berlin, Germany) with the following parameters: Cu target, ceramic X-ray tube, a tube current of 40 mA, a tube voltage of 40 kV, a step size of 0.02°, and a scanning range of 5–90°(2θ). The sample was found to be modified graphite, and the change in layer spacing of bentonite under different conditions was calculated by the Bragg equation (nλ = 2sinθ), and the change in graphite crystal structure was analyzed [ 36 ].…”

Preparation and Evaluation of Ammonium Adipate Solutions as Inhibitors of Shale Rock Swelling

“…Polyamines have been used for a long time in a variety of water-based oilfield working fluids due to their high effectiveness and good compatibility with traditional drilling fluid. However, since they do not meet the current environmental protection requirements, researchers have begun to seek more eco-friendly substitutes [10]. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of a series of ammonium adipate solutions (AASs) prepared from adipic acid compatibility with traditional drilling fluid.…”

“…This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of a series of ammonium adipate solutions (AASs) prepared from adipic acid compatibility with traditional drilling fluid. However, since they do not meet the current environmental protection requirements, researchers have begun to seek more eco-friendly substitutes [10]. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of a series of ammonium adipate solutions (AASs) prepared from adipic acid and amines by using the linear expansion method, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and particle size distribution analysis, and to examine the underlying inhibitory mechanism.…”