The Application of filial Fibrillary Acidic (GFA) Protein Immunohistochemistry in Neurooncology

Armond, S. J. De; Eng, Lawrence F.; Rubinstein, Lucien J.

doi:10.1016/s0344-0338(80)80273-1

Cited by 148 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…5 B) were strongly expressed in tumor cells, including dividing cells that were stained weakly by GFAP. This is consistent with previous findings indicating that the more primitive and anaplastic cells in astrocytomas express GFAP weakly, or not at all (37,38).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Coexpression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and PDGF-receptor genes by primary human astrocytomas may contribute to their development and maintenance.

Maxwell¹,

Naber²,

Wolfe³

et al. 1990

J. Clin. Invest.

190

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Coexpression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and PDGF-receptor genes by primary human astrocytomas may contribute to their development and maintenance.

Maxwell¹,

Naber²,

Wolfe³

et al. 1990

J. Clin. Invest.

190

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“…Furthermore, it is generally accepted that GFAP is present in glioma with a negative correlation to the degree of anaplasia, hence indicating that GFAP is a marker ofglial cell tumors (23, 27). Several investigators (39)(40)(41)(42)(43) using immunocytochemical techniques have demonstrated that in ependymal and oligodendroglial tumors a high number of GFAP-positive neoplastic elements Figure 11. Apo E immunoreactivity in neuroblastoma (X 230) Immunoreaction for apo E is nil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical localization of apolipoprotein E in human glial neoplasms.

Murakami

Ushio²,

Morino³

et al. 1988

J. Clin. Invest.

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Immunocytochemical analyses revealed the presence and distribution of apolipoprotein E (apo E) in normal human brain tissue as well as in 77 human intracranial neoplasms. In normal brain tissues, the perikarya of astrocytes exhibited a strong positive reaction, whereas the Bergmann glia were stained to a moderate degree. However, no immunoreactivity was observed with neurons, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells, and choroidal epithelium. Among the intracranial neoplasms, oligodendroglioma, choroid plexus papilloma, hemangioblastoma, primary malignant lymphoma, neurinoma, meninoma, pituitary adenoma, and craniopharyngioma were all negative. Immunoreactivity in the peripheral neuroblastoma was nil. However, the perikarya of astrocytomas and glioblastomas showed a positive reaction. Analyses on the degree ofanaplasia and the amount of apo-E as an intensity of immunostaining showed a negative correlation. The astrocytic elements were stained in mixed oligoastrocytomas and medulloblastomas with glial differentiation. A few cases of ependymomas showed weak perikaryal immunostaining. Western blot analyses with anti-apo E antibody of a freshly prepared surgical specimen with astrocytomas revealed a single band with a molecular weight of -37,000. The well differentiated cultured human astrocytoma cells secreted apo E into the medium. These lines of evidence suggest that apo E may serve as a potential marker specific for astrocytomas and glioblastomas, as well as an indicator of astrocytic tumor cell differentiation. The apo E localization in human brain tumors could be clinically relevant and diagnostically useful.

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“…[47] First isolated from white matter plaques of patients with longstanding multiple sclerosis, [29] GFAP is the most widely used marker for cells of astrocytic origin under normal and pathological conditions. [20,21] Highly specific polyclonal antibodies to human GFAP have been available since approximately 1975, and application of these antibodies to immunohistochemical studies in the CNS have been extremely helpful in determining brain response to injury and in refining tumor diagnosis. [20,21] That notwithstanding, GFAP immunohistochemistry may lead to variable results depending on the type of antiserum used (polyclonal antisera vs. monoclonal antibodies), shelf life of the primary antiserum used, type of fixative, interval of fixation, and embedding medium selected.…”

Section: Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein: a Marker For Cells And Tumomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[20,21] Highly specific polyclonal antibodies to human GFAP have been available since approximately 1975, and application of these antibodies to immunohistochemical studies in the CNS have been extremely helpful in determining brain response to injury and in refining tumor diagnosis. [20,21] That notwithstanding, GFAP immunohistochemistry may lead to variable results depending on the type of antiserum used (polyclonal antisera vs. monoclonal antibodies), shelf life of the primary antiserum used, type of fixative, interval of fixation, and embedding medium selected. [69] McLendon, et al, [70] and Pegram and colleagues [85] have shown that monoclonal antibodies reacting to different epitopes of GFAP can be combined to enhance the specificity and sensitivity of GFAP immunostains in fixed tissue sections.…”

Section: Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein: a Marker For Cells And Tumomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[20,21,25,26,28,50] By immunohistochemical analysis, malignant astrocytomas are shown to have fewer tumor cells that stain positively and intensely for GFAP than do less malignant astrocytomas and normal brain specimens. [26,28] For these reasons, GFAP has been considered a reliable marker of differentiation in normal astrocytes and tumors of astrocytic lineage.…”

Section: Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein: a Marker For Cells And Tumomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of glial filaments in cells and tumors of glial origin: a review

Rutka¹,

Murakami²,

Dirks³

et al. 1997

FOC

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In the adult human brain, normal astrocytes constitute nearly 40% of the total central nervous system (CNS) cell population and may assume a star-shaped configuration resembling epithelial cells insofar as the astrocytes remain intimately associated, through their cytoplasmic extensions, with the basement membrane of the capillary endothelial cells and the basal lamina of the glial limitans externa. Although their exact function remains unknown, in the past, astrocytes were thought to subserve an important supportive role for neurons, providing a favorable ionic environment, modulating extracellular levels of neurotransmitters, and serving as spacers that organize neurons. In immunohistochemical preparations, normal, reactive, and neoplastic astrocytes may be positively identified and distinguished from other CNS cell types by the expression of the astrocyte-specific intermediate filament glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). This GFAP is a 50-kD intracytoplasmic filamentous protein that constitutes a portion of, and is specific for, the cytoskeleton of the astrocyte. This protein has proved to be the most specific marker for cells of astrocytic origin under normal and pathological conditions. Interestingly, with increasing astrocytic malignancy, there is progressive loss of GFAP production. As the human gene for GFAP has now been cloned and sequenced, this review begins with a summary of the molecular biology of GFAP including the proven utility of the GFAP promoter in targeting genes of interest to the CNS in transgenic animals. Based on the data provided the authors argue cogently for an expanded role of GFAP in complex cellular events such as cytoskeletal reorganization, maintenance of myelination, cell adhesion, and signaling pathways. As such, GFAP may not represent a mere mechanical integrator of cellular space, as has been previously thought. Rather, GFAP may provide docking sites for important kinases that recognize key cellular substrates that enable GFAP to form a dynamic continuum with microfilaments, integrin receptors, and the extracellular matrix.

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The Application of filial Fibrillary Acidic (GFA) Protein Immunohistochemistry in Neurooncology

Cited by 148 publications

References 48 publications

Coexpression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and PDGF-receptor genes by primary human astrocytomas may contribute to their development and maintenance.

Coexpression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and PDGF-receptor genes by primary human astrocytomas may contribute to their development and maintenance.

Immunohistochemical localization of apolipoprotein E in human glial neoplasms.

Role of glial filaments in cells and tumors of glial origin: a review

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