The Application of Immunohistochemical Biomarkers in Urologic Surgical Pathology

Wilkerson, Myra L.; Lin, Fan; Liu, Haiyan; Liu, Cheng

doi:10.5858/arpa.2014-0078-ra

Cited by 30 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 275 publications

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“…The major applications of immunohistochemistry in pathology diagnosis of prostate tumors include (1) to establish a prostate primary, (2) to assist the diagnosis of prostate malignancy by markers targeting basal cells or secretory cells, and (3) to differentiate high-grade prostatic adenocarcinoma from urothelial carcinoma or other highgrade malignancies.…”

Section: Roles Of Immunohistochemical Markers In Staging Of Bladder Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Practical Applications of Immunohistochemistry in the Diagnosis of Genitourinary Tumors

Xiao¹,

Hu²,

Deng³

et al. 2017

Archives of Pathology &Amp; Laboratory Medicine

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Context.-Pathologic diagnosis of tumors in the genitourinary system can be challenging based on morphology alone, particularly when diagnostic material is limited, such as in core biopsies. Immunohistochemical stain can be a useful tool to aid in the diagnosis.Objective.-To provide an update on practical applications and interpretation of immunohistochemical stains in the diagnosis of tumors in prostate, kidney, bladder, and testis. We particularly focus on difficult differential diagnoses, providing our insights in frequently encountered challenging situations. Commonly used immunohistochemical panels are discussed.Data Sources.-Review of literature and our own experience.Conclusion.-Immunohistochemical stain is a valuable tool in the diagnosis of genitourinary tumors when appropriately used.

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Section: Roles Of Immunohistochemical Markers In Staging Of Bladder Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 In this article, we review the commonly used immunohistochemical markers in the diagnosis of genitourinary tumors. This review focuses on applying these markers in a variety of commonly encountered circumstances, particularly on the selection of markers and interpretation of immunohistochemical staining results.…”

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confidence: 99%

Practical Applications of Immunohistochemistry in the Diagnosis of Genitourinary Tumors

Xiao¹,

Hu²,

Deng³

et al. 2017

Archives of Pathology &Amp; Laboratory Medicine

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“…CAIX is expressed in both high grade and low grade RCC. The CAIX immunohistochemical membrane staining pattern for ccRCC is circumferential while pRCC typically lacks tumor cell apical surface staining and is positive for basolateral membrane outlining [19,20]. Low grade ccRCC immunohistochemical testing can include KIM-1, vimentin, and CAIX.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low grade ccRCC immunohistochemical testing can include KIM-1, vimentin, and CAIX. Low grade renal neoplasms that exhibit both clear cell/ granular features typically have a negative CAIX expression result which can be diagnostic for chromophone renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC) and oncocytoma [20]. Given its diagnostic association with RCC, the prognostic value of CAIX has received attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, vimentin is used as a reliable biomarker in differentiating certain types of renal cell carcinomas [32]. It has been shown that vimentin is expressed in the majority of clear cell and papillary renal cell carcinomas; however, it is rarely expressed in oncocytoma and chromophobe renal cell carcinomas [32,33]. Therefore, vimentin may assist in confirming diagnoses and having a prognostic value regarding each subtype of RCC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomarkers Role in Prognosis and Survival Outcomes in Patients with Renal Tumors: Review Article

Mohamed¹

2017

UNOAJ

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CD44 and CD133 protein expression might serve as a prognostic factor for early occurrence castration‐resistant prostate cancer

Dwina,

Zaid,

Saraswati

et al. 2024

The Prostate

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BackgroundThe occurrence of castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) varies in patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). The rate of occurrence of CRPC may be related to the presence of prostate cancer stem cells (CSC). Thus, this study aims to evaluate the presence of CSC markers (CD44 and CD133) in histopathology tissue at the time of diagnosis and their correlation with the occurrence of CRPC in patients with advanced PCa within 2 years of ADT.MethodA retrospective case‐control study was conducted to evaluate the incidence of CRPC within 2 years. The inclusion criteria were patients with PCa who had received treatment with ADT and a first‐generation anti‐androgen (AA) for 2 years. We classified patients based on whether they developed CRPC within 2 years (CRPC) of the therapy or did not experience CRPC within 2 years (non‐CRPC) of the therapy. We performed immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for CD44 and CD133 on the prostate biopsy tissue samples.ResultsData were collected from records spanning 2011–2019. We analyzed a total of 65 samples, including 22 patients with CRPC and 43 patients with non‐CRPC who had received treatment with LHRH agonists and AA for up to 2 years. Our findings showed a significant H‐score difference in CD44 protein expression between CRPC prostate adenocarcinoma samples 869 (200–1329) and non‐CRPC 524 (154–1166) (p = 0.033). There was no significant difference in CD133 protein expression between the two groups (p = 0.554). However, there was a significant difference in the nonoccurrence of CRPC between the high expressions of both CD44 and CD133 groups with other expressions of CD44/CD133 groups (25% vs. 75%; p = 0.011; odds ratio = 4.29; 95% confidence interval [1.34, 13.76]).ConclusionThis study found a low expression of at least one CD44/CD133 protein in the patients without early occurrence of CRPC. This result might suggest that CD44/CD133 may function as a potential prognostic marker for PCa, especially in a low expression, to identify patients who have a better prognosis regarding the occurrence of early CRPC.

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The Application of Immunohistochemical Biomarkers in Urologic Surgical Pathology

Abstract: Immunohistochemistry is a valuable tool, assisting in the diagnosis of problematic tumors and benign lesions of the genitourinary tract.

Cited by 30 publications

References 275 publications

Practical Applications of Immunohistochemistry in the Diagnosis of Genitourinary Tumors

Practical Applications of Immunohistochemistry in the Diagnosis of Genitourinary Tumors

Biomarkers Role in Prognosis and Survival Outcomes in Patients with Renal Tumors: Review Article

CD44 and CD133 protein expression might serve as a prognostic factor for early occurrence castration‐resistant prostate cancer

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