The Application of L-Proline as an Enzyme Mimic and Further New Asymmetric Syntheses Using Small Organic Molecules as Chiral Catalysts

Proline-Catalysed Amination Reactions in Cyclic Carbonate Solvents

“…This leads to it having a special role in peptides and proteins as it cannot act as a hydrogen-bond donor, but is often found in β-turns [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Proline and its derivatives have also found many applications in synthetic chemistry as chiral-auxiliaries [ 4 ], chiral reagents [ 5 , 6 ] and most recently as chiral catalysts [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ] where it was developments in proline-catalysed enamine chemistry that sparked the recent resurgence of interest in asymmetric organocatalysis [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Proline is undoubtedly the most sustainable of the organocatalysts as it is directly available from biological sources without any need for chemical transformations.…”

“…Proline is undoubtedly the most sustainable of the organocatalysts as it is directly available from biological sources without any need for chemical transformations. Proline-catalysed reactions are however, commonly carried out in traditional solvents such as DMSO, DMF and chlorinated solvents [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ] which severely undermine the green credentials of proline-catalysed reactions due to their toxicity. Although both water [ 18 , 19 ] and ionic liquids [ 20 ] have also been used as solvents for proline-catalysed reactions, the green credentials of both of these solvents have been questioned [ 21 , 22 ] and water has been shown to inhibit proline-catalysed aldol reactions [ 23 ].…”

Iron‐Porphyrin/Cysteine/PEG as Pseudo‐Chloroperoxidase Nanozyme

“…Enzyme mimics are developed especially for artificial enzymes as practical applications and also for enzymatic mechanisms cognition . Generally, even simple organic molecule or metal complexes can operate as enzyme mimics, while more advanced sophisticated supramolecules represent pseudo‐enzyme performance. The presence of a host will selectively specify the substrate providing increased reactivity .…”

An Organocatalyzed Efficient One‐pot Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Studies of 4,4′‐(Arylmethylene)bis‐(3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐5‐ols)

“…The application of enantiomerically pure, "small" organic molecules represents a promising alternative catalytic concept in addition to other frequently used syntheses based on metal containing catalysts [19]. In this respect, ʟ-proline has drawn much interest in different organic reactions because of its rigid ring structure, experimental simplicity, ease of handling, cost effectiveness, and excellent solubility in water and organic solvents [20].…”