The application of Local Indicators for Categorical Data (LICD) to explore spatial dependence in archaeological spaces

Carrer, Francesco; Kossowski, Tomasz; Wilk, Justyna; Pietrzak, Michał Bernard; Bivand, Roger

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2020.105306

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…While spatial data are always correlated with each other according to Tobler's First Law of Geography [91][92][93], the Moran's index represents one of the first developments for reading these correlations [51]. Here, the simplicity of the implementation of this statistical tool, without setting up polygonal geometry, confirms the contribution of this type of approach even if other methods such as HLC (historic landscape characterization) [94,95] or LICD (local indicators for categorical data) could certainly complete and validate the established results [90].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…The correlations observed from Moran's index were low (between I = 0.18 and 0.08) and explained only a small proportion of the observations. Global and local of spatial autocorrelation analysis have been common in archaeology since the development of GIS, but is currently of limited use in anthropological studies [87][88][89][90]. While spatial data are always correlated with each other according to Tobler's First Law of Geography [91][92][93], the Moran's index represents one of the first developments for reading these correlations [51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D Reconstruction and Geostatic Analysis of an Early Medieval Cemetery (Olonne-sur-Mer, France)

Colleter

Barreau

2021

Remote Sensing

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A preventive excavation performed in 2018 prior to development work led to the discovery of more than 213 subjects buried from the 4th to the 11th centuries in the 1850 m2 dug area. This is a cemetery located in Olonne-sur-Mer in France (46.53723, −1.77603). The complex is limited to the south by a ditch. To the north, no limits were observed during the excavation and, to the west, ancient archaeological surveys suggest an extension of the burial area. Biological analysis of the skeletons reveals a demographic characterizing a natural community, with an under-representation of children under 5 and with subjects under 20 appearing to be grouped together in the center of the area. The place where the youngest are buried often testifies to a strategic position in Christian contexts (near church doors, under sub stillicidio gutters, etc.). Funeral practices are characterized by numerous skeletal alterations, especially in the western area of the site where their concentrations are particularly significant. These are not ossuaries but rather supernumerary bones present in the fills of graves of subjects in place or old tombs where no skeletons in place are preserved. These alterations mark the areas where burials are most frequent. The 3D reconstruction is coupled with geostatistical analyses (heatmap and Moran’s index), considering the digging of the land, the concentration of residual artefacts found in the graves, but also the biological characteristics of the sample and the funeral practices uncovered. From 2D entities generated with GIS software, the process of the elevation and sculpture of the volumes is innovative, because even if it is carried out by precise but classical computer graphics techniques, it is led by advanced taphonomical and anthropological reflections. This makes it possible to propose empty spaces, a potential gathering area for the village community and circulation paths. These elements are essential in order to go beyond the storytelling often proposed in archaeology and propose a vision based on the coherence of the observed facts. Even when the archaeological remains are only sunken (no preserved elevation), the integration of multisource archaeological data (biological anthropology, funerary, artefacts and pit size) allows relevant 3D reconstructions as a formidable tool for discussing past occupations. Three-dimensional technologies make it possible to recreate a lost environment to allow a better understanding of the site. They are didactic and help to share data between researchers and/or the public, especially when they are invisible such as the presence of empty space.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Reconstruction and Geostatic Analysis of an Early Medieval Cemetery (Olonne-sur-Mer, France)

Colleter

Barreau

2021

Remote Sensing

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“…It uses JCS to verify the occurrence of events (categories) in each spatial unit within the study area classifying the cells in the event (B) and non-event (W) regions. The resulting regional combinations are clumps (groups of B cells sharing an edge); cluster (significant number of Bs and significant BB); outlier (significant number of non-B); dispersed (significant BW); outlier in the heterogeneous area (significant outlier with significant BW) (Carrer et al, 2021). In this research, LICD was used to address the local spatial associations between the UDUs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The R script Code, HLC dataset and PPA spatial covariates are available on Zenodo: https://doi.org/10.5281/ zenodo.5907229. For a detailed description of LICD, please refer to Carrer et al (2021) while for an exhaustive explanation of the use of PPA in landscape archaeology, consider the paper of Knitter and Nakoinz (2018).…”

Section: Disclosure Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing patterns and connections in the historic landscape of the northern Apennines (Vetto, Italy)

Brandolini

Turner

2022

Journal of Maps

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In the Northern Apennines, significant modifications to the characteristic historical features of landscapes have occurred since the 1950s as agriculture declined in importance and villages were progressively depopulated. Today, European policies are promoting the repopulation of these regions to help preserve the cultural identity of territories and reduce demographic pressure inurban areas. Such initiatives increase the need for cultural and natural landscape management to be better integrated using interdisciplinary approaches. Sustainable landscape management is a dynamic process involving the formulation of strategies to underpin the preservation of landscape heritage and foster local development based on the values and opportunities provided by landscapes themselves. This study uses landscape archaeology and spatial statistics to provide insights into which parts of the historic landscape retain the greatest time-depth and which parts reflect the more recent radical change, enabling an understanding which goes beyond the basic spatial relationships between landscape components.

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The application of Local Indicators for Categorical Data (LICD) to explore spatial dependence in archaeological spaces

Cited by 11 publications

References 36 publications

3D Reconstruction and Geostatic Analysis of an Early Medieval Cemetery (Olonne-sur-Mer, France)

3D Reconstruction and Geostatic Analysis of an Early Medieval Cemetery (Olonne-sur-Mer, France)

Revealing patterns and connections in the historic landscape of the northern Apennines (Vetto, Italy)

Reconstructing deposits and recontextualising artefacts at Creag a' Chapuill Cave, Skye

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