“…Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC–MS) of semi‐polar extracts provides information about specialized metabolites, for example, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamates and benzoxazinoids. Recently, such analytical approaches have been applied widely to cereals (Balmer, Flors, Glauser, & Mauch‐Mani, 2013; Gálvez, 2020; Khakimov, Bak, & Engelsen, 2014; Saia, Fragasso, De Vita, & Beleggia, 2019), including maize for studies on environmental effects (Sun et al, 2016; Tang et al, 2017). Besides primary metabolites (Cañas et al, 2017; Sun, Li, et al, 2016), maize leaf contains several families of specialized metabolites involved in stress responses, such as quinic acid derivatives (Cortés‐Cruz, Snook, & McMullen, 2003), flavone glycoside maysin (Rector, Liang, & Guo, 2003) and benzoxazinoids (Zhou, Richter, & Jander, 2018).…”