The Application of Microencapsulation Techniques in the Treatment of Endodontic and Periodontal Diseases

Abstract

In the treatment of intracanal and periodontal infections, the local application of antibiotics and other therapeutic agents in the root canal or in periodontal pockets may be a promising approach to achieve sustained drug release, high antimicrobial activity and low systemic side effects. Microparticles made from biodegradable polymers have been reported to be an effective means of delivering antibacterial drugs in endodontic and periodontal therapy. The aim of this review article is to assess recent therapeutic strategies in which biocompatible microparticles are used for effective management of periodontal and endodontic diseases. In vitro and in vivo studies that have investigated the biocompatibility or efficacy of certain microparticle formulations and devices are presented. Future directions in the application of microencapsulation techniques in endodontic and periodontal therapies are discussed.

Controlled Release of Drugs for Management of Pulpitis

“…These systems should provide the desired concentrations of antibiotics or other drugs in the RCS. Researchers have set some criteria for these systems as well (11). These materials should be non-toxic and standard.…”

“…These systems enable direct delivery of antimicrobial agents or other medications into the RCS causing the gradual release of constant concentrations of these medications. Adjunct use of different formulations of drug-loaded microparticles can decrease endodontic failure rate or even partially replace surgical or mechanical treatments, particularly in patients with resistant endodontic infections (11).…”

An Injectable System for Local and Sustained Release of Antimicrobial Agents in the Periodontal Pocket

“…Periodontitis treatments may involve root planning, a surgical approach, followed by local administration of antimicrobial drugs. Among these, chlorhexidine (CHX) is distinguished by a remarkable capability to reduce the bacterial load in the periodontal pocket.…”

In vitro behavior of poly‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid microspheres containing minocycline, metronidazole, and ciprofloxacin

“…Various studies have used biodegradable poly‐lactic acid and poly‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid (PLGA) polymer microspheres as a carrier for the delivery of drugs and active peptides . The mentioned two polymers have also gained American Food and Drug Administration approval for the application as local drug delivery systems in humans .…”

“…10 Various studies have used biodegradable poly-lactic acid and poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) polymer microspheres as a carrier for the delivery of drugs and active peptides. 7,[11][12][13] The mentioned two polymers have also gained American Food and Drug Administration approval for the application as local drug delivery systems in humans. 14 Evidence shows that the rate and duration of drug release varies based on the molecular weight of the polymer, the amount of drug loaded, and the shape and size of particles.…”