The Application of Minimally Invasive Devices with Nanostructured Surface Functionalization: Antisticking Behavior on Devices and Liver Tissue Interface in Rat

Abstract

This study investigated the thermal injury and adhesion property of a novel electrosurgery of liver using copper-doped diamond-like carbon (DLC-Cu) surface treatment. It is necessary to reduce the thermal damage of surrounding tissues for clinical electrosurgeries. The surface morphologies of stainless steel (SS) coated with DLC (DLC-Cu-SS) films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Bionic liver models were reconstructed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to simulate electrosurgery. Cell cytotoxicity assays showed that the DLC-Cu thin film was nontoxic. The temperature of tissue decreased significantly with use of the electrosurgical device with nanostructured DLC-Cu films and increased with increasing thickness of the films. Thermography revealed that the surgical temperature in the DLC-Cu-SS electrosurgical device was significantly lower than that in the untreated device in the animal model. Moreover, compared to the SS electrosurgical device, the DLC-Cu-SS electrosurgical device caused a relatively small injury area and lateral thermal effect. The results indicate that the DLC-Cu-SS electrosurgical device decreases excessive thermal injury and ensures homogeneous temperature transformation in the tissues.

Physico-Chemical Approaches to Improve the Characteristics of Electrosurgical Instruments

“…Объединение достоинств покрытий на основе металлов и полимеров привело в разработке композиционных покрытий, обладающих лучшими характеристиками по сравнению с индивидуальными компонентами покрытия. Опубликован целый ряд работ, посвящённых композиционным покрытиям на основе алмазоподобного углерода, допированного наночастицами меди (DLC-Cu) [32][33][34][35]. Полученные покрытия значительно превосходят нержавеющую сталь по микротвердости (2250 Hv против 500 Hv), краевому углу смачивания (97,25±1,87° против 75,47±2,55°) и, что немаловажно, рабочая температура электрода с композиционным покрытием в среднем на 12% ниже, чем температура электрода без покрытия, что оказывает влияние на степень повреждения тканей.…”

Self-Lubricanting Slippery Surface with Wettability Gradients for Anti-Sticking of Electrosurgical Scalpel

“…Based on the current research results, there are two main ways to alleviate tissue sticking: chemical approaches and physical methods. Chemical approaches include adopting low surface energy alloy coating or polymer coating, such as copper-doped diamond-like carbon [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ], CrN [ 14 ], TiO 2 [ 6 , 15 , 16 , 17 ], poly(l-lactic acid)-polyethylene glycol [ 18 ], polygalacturonic acid-1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide [ 19 ], polylactide–polyethylene glycol tri-block copolymer [ 20 ]. Physical methods mainly refer to the design and fabrication of micro/nanostructures on the surface of scalpels [ 16 , 21 ].…”