The Application of Signal Detection Theory to Decision-Making in Forensic Science

Phillips, Victoria; Saks, Michael J.; Peterson, Joseph L.

doi:10.1520/jfs14962j

Cited by 49 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…from explosion of pyrotechnic materials revealing much grater range of sizes from about one to hundreds of micrometers. 20 The general appearance of airborne GSR revealing the features of molten and rapidly cooled matter is their characteristic feature being common for any type of ammunition. A detailed observation of the variety of shapes of particles led some experts to classify them into a number of categories such as regular spheres, nodular spheres, discs etc.…”

Section: Observation Of Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of cartridge case and airborne GSR—a study of the elemental composition and morphology by means of SEM‐EDX

Brożek‐Mucha

2007

X-Ray Spectrometry

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A comparative study of the properties of gunshot residue (GSR) collected from shooter's hands and from inside the case of the same cartridge used in a shooting experiment was performed. Three types of popular Luger 9 mm ammunition were chosen with primer mixtures based on different types of detonators: mercury fulminate, lead styphnate or lead azide and an organic one, e.g. diazodinitrophenol. Two modifications of lead-free ammunition, with copper and tin plated projectiles were used. Samples of GSR were examined by means of scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. Both, similarities and differences in the chemical composition and morphology of GSR secured from the hands of the shooting person and from the appropriate cartridge case were observed. The chemical composition of the characteristic gunshot particles originating from the primer may be influenced by the chemical composition of other parts of the cartridge case, especially the core and the jacket of the projectile. Thus, the distribution of the chemical elements in GSR strongly depends on the direction of the reaction path starting in the primer cup placed at the bottom of the cartridge case, moving along the cartridge case and finishing when the projectile leaves the gun muzzle. A reliable comparison of the airborne residue to these taken from cartridge case for forensic purposes requires some experience based on laboratory experiments performed under controlled conditions.

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Section: Observation Of Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of cartridge case and airborne GSR—a study of the elemental composition and morphology by means of SEM‐EDX

Brożek‐Mucha

2007

X-Ray Spectrometry

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“…But the issue might not be as "dead" as is often assumed (Kaye, 1979). For instance, the increasing use of forensic DNA evidence in criminal and civil trials has engendered discussion of the use of Decision Theory as an aid to fact finders in understanding complex statistical evidence (e.g., Phillips, Saks, & Peterson, 2001). More to the point, because structured risk assessment estimates are inherently quantitative, most of Tribe's practical issues with quantification simply do not apply (Scurich & John, 2010).…”

Section: Decision Theory and The Law: A Contentious Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Psychology and Law

Robbennolt

2016

Advances in Psychology and Law

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“…Using Shannon entropy or OBC to separate mature ROTDs (signal) from immature ROTDs (noise) is a typical signal detection method, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve based on the concept of the signal detection theory (Gallwey, ; Swets, ) is typically used to evaluate the performances of such diagnostic systems (Ling, Huang, & Zhang, ; Phillips, Saks, & Peterson, ; Stanislaw & Todorov, ).…”

Section: Performance Evaluation and Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development and validation of a one‐bit comparison for evaluating the maturity of tag distributions in a Web 2.0 environment

Tang

Tsai

Hwang

2015

Asso for Info Science & Tech

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Tags generated by domain experts reaching a consensus under social influence reflect the core concepts of the tagged resource. Such tags can act as navigational cues that enable users to discover meaningful and relevant information in a Web 2.0 environment. This is particularly critical for nonexperts for understanding formal academic or scientific resources, also known as hard content. The goal of this study was to develop a novel one-bit comparison (OBC) metric and to assess in what circumstances a set of tags describing a hardcontent resource is mature and representative. We compared OBC with the conventional Shannon entropy approach to determine performance when distinguishing tags generated by domain experts and nonexperts in the early and later stages under social influence. The results indicated that OBC can accurately distinguish mature tags generated by a strong expert consensus from other tags, and outperform Shannon entropy. The findings support tag-based learning, and provide insights and tools for the design of applications involving tags, such as tag recommendation and tag-based organization.

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The Application of Signal Detection Theory to Decision-Making in Forensic Science

Cited by 49 publications

References 52 publications

Comparison of cartridge case and airborne GSR—a study of the elemental composition and morphology by means of SEM‐EDX

Comparison of cartridge case and airborne GSR—a study of the elemental composition and morphology by means of SEM‐EDX

Advances in Psychology and Law

The development and validation of a one‐bit comparison for evaluating the maturity of tag distributions in a Web 2.0 environment

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