The application of stone counts in the glacigene Permo-Carboniferous Dwyka Formation, South Africa

Visser, J. N. J.; Hall, Kevin; Loock, J. C.

doi:10.1016/0037-0738(86)90059-x

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…A closer analogy to the Falkland Islands' situation is seen in the Dwyka Tillite, South Africa, where rare archaeocyathan limestone clasts have also been recorded and Antarctica proposed as the most likely provenance (Cooper & Oosthuizen 1974;Debrenne 1975;Oosthuizen 1981;Visser at al. 1986) since archaeocyaths are otherwise unknown in the region.…”

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confidence: 82%

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Archaeocyathan limestone blocks of likely Antarctic origin in Gondwanan tillite from the Falkland Islands

Stone

Thomson

2005

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Other qualitative differences are also apparent between the tillites of East and West Falkland, quite apart from the well-defined facies contrast: the lithological and size range of the clasts is much greater in the west than in the east; clasts in the west are generally more rounded than those in the east; in the west there is a much higher proportion of red granite and quartzite, relative to white varieties. Additionally, the apparent concentration of archaeocyathan limestone clasts at a few localities in West Falkland, rather than their being randomly distributed, is a feature that may have broad stratigraphical and palaeogeographical implications. The archaeocyathsArchaeocyaths are extinct organisms with a long history of phylogenetic uncertainty but a current consensus that they were closely related to the sponges (Hill 1972; archaeocyaths then diversified rapidly into hundreds of species that were important contributors to the construction of early marine reefs. Despite their success they were a relatively short-lived group and were extinct before the end of the Cambrian, less than 25 million years after their first appearance. In contrast, other families of sponges that also appeared in the Cambrian are still represented today, over 500 million years later.

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“…1986) since archaeocyaths are otherwise unknown in the region. Curiously, one of the examples illustrated by Visser et al (1986) from the Dwyka Tillite (op.cit. (Morycowa et al 1982;Wrona & Zhuravlev 1996).…”

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Archaeocyathan limestone blocks of likely Antarctic origin in Gondwanan tillite from the Falkland Islands

Stone

Thomson

2005

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“…Hill , 1965 (Cooper & Oosthuizen 1974;Debrenne 1975;Oosthuizen 1981). A similar origin has been accorded to archaeocyaths recently discovered in the Argentine representative of the Late Carboniferous Gondwana tillite, the Sauce Grande Formation polyphase (Crowell & Frakes 1972;Caputo & Crowell 1985;Visser et al 1986). …”

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“…4a). Elsewhere in the Dwyka Group, in the western Cape Province, stromatolitic limestone clasts derived from the Ghaap Plateau were introduced by ice flow from the north-east, the Transvaal ice sheet (Visser et al 1986). Stromatolitic limestone clasts of this kind, devoid of archaeocyaths, have not been found in the Fitzroy Tillite Formation.…”

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“…The archaeocyath-bearing clasts described from the Dwyka Group tillites (Cooper & Oosthuizen 1974;Debrenne 1975;Oosthuizen 1981;Visser et al 1986) all occur in its outcrop in the eastern Cape Province. A provenance in the Transantarctic Mountains could, in a rotational reconstruction, readily supply both the eastern Cape and the Falklands via an ice flow from the 'east' (Fig.…”

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An Early Cambrian archaeocyath–trilobite fauna in limestone erratics from the Upper Carboniferous Fitzroy Tillite Formation, Falkland Islands

Stone¹,

Thomson

Rushton

2011

Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Socie

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ABSTRACT:Rare clasts of limestone contained in the uppermost Carboniferous Fitzroy Tillite Formation of the Falkland Islands contain a rich Cambrian fauna of archaeocyaths together with a radiocyath and a few trilobites. Neither Cambrian strata nor limestone are present in the indigenous rock succession and the clasts are regarded as exotic erratics, introduced during the Permo-Carboniferous glaciation of southern Gondwana, prior to its Mesozoic break-up. Nineteen archaeocyath taxa have been identified, with seven (plus a radiocyath) occurring in a single clast. Trilobite identifications are less definitive, but they are compared to Yorkella and the Siberian genera Edelsteinaspis, Namanoia and Chondrinouyina. The archaeocyath fauna has an Australo–Antarctic character and the Transantarctic Mountains seem the most likely source for these unusual erratics. Most recent reconstructions of Gondwana rotate a Falklands microplate into a position between South Africa and East Antarctica. There, it is in proximity with the Eastern Cape Province, where tillites within the Permo-Carboniferous Dwyka Group are correlatives of the Fitzroy Tillite Formation, and the ‘Atlantic’ end of the Transantarctic Mountains. The Dwyka Group tillites also contain rare clasts of archaeocyathan limestone and the rotational reconstruction produces a continuity of the apparent ice-flow directions in South Africa and the Falkland Islands.

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A systematic classification of glacial and periglacial environments, facies and deposits

Brodzikowski¹,

Loon²

1987

Earth-Science Reviews

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The application of stone counts in the glacigene Permo-Carboniferous Dwyka Formation, South Africa

Cited by 13 publications

References 2 publications

Archaeocyathan limestone blocks of likely Antarctic origin in Gondwanan tillite from the Falkland Islands

Archaeocyathan limestone blocks of likely Antarctic origin in Gondwanan tillite from the Falkland Islands

An Early Cambrian archaeocyath–trilobite fauna in limestone erratics from the Upper Carboniferous Fitzroy Tillite Formation, Falkland Islands

A systematic classification of glacial and periglacial environments, facies and deposits

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