The application of W-plasty combined Botox-A injection in treating sunk scar on the face

Chen, Haihua; Pan, Wei Ren; Zhang, Jufang; Cheng, Hanxiao; Tan, Qian

doi:10.1097/md.0000000000011427

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The cosmetic indications such as crow's feet, vertical and horizontal frown, wrinkles on the nose, upper lip rhytids, nasolabial fold, horizontal and vertical neck bands, scar management, and pebbly chin. [715161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142] The noncosmetic indications are migraine, strabismus, hemifacial spasm, bruxism, blepharospasm, spasmodic torticollis, postfacial nerve palsy synkinesis, hyperhidrosis, and esophageal achalasia. [434445464748]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Botulinum toxin application in facial esthetics and recent treatment indications (2013-2018)

Kattimani

Tiwari

Gufran

et al. 2019

J Int Soc Prevent Communit Dent

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Background: Ever-changing perception of beauty from childhood to old age is changing with the revolution in cosmeceuticals science. Esthetics is an individual's perception since time immemorial. Standards of beauty have changed through centuries with increased awareness about esthetics. The face remains main source of information for identification and discrimination. It constitutes a structural ground for many nonverbal messages including the emotional state of a person, so the proverb “Face is an index of mind” holds good. The wrinkles and laxity are considered to be one of the factors for aging. Hence, escalating demand for cosmetic treatment to reduce facial wrinkles and laxity has stimulated us to search for published literature for nonsurgical techniques for enhancement of facial beauty. The review analyzed the published data to provide narrative basic review in a concise way to the beginners, clinicians, and students. Materials and Methods: We have adopted search criteria using keywords: Botox, Botulinum toxin, incobotulinumtoxinA, esthetics, face, uses of Botox, with various Boolean operators and or in title, and abstract using PubMed search engine. The database search limited to PubMed only from January 2013 to June 2018. Results: Various search results have been appended as annexures at the end of the article for further reference for the readers. Finally, 17 references were selected to write narrative review to meet our objectives. Conclusion: The advancing front in the use of toxins is an emerging science for the beautification of a face. Botox exploded in to market because of efficacy, tolerability, and minimally invasive nature. The present review gives brief about the history of Botulinum toxin, types, mechanism of action, clinical indications, preparations, storage, and technique for various uses with a brief note on patient selection, contraindications, and complications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dose required for cosmetic use has been discussed and established independently by many researchers based on their experiences[2223242526272829303132333435363738394041] [Table 1]. Review of literature provides more information on dosage preferences by practitioners.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Botulinum toxin application in facial esthetics and recent treatment indications (2013-2018)

Kattimani

Tiwari

Gufran

et al. 2019

J Int Soc Prevent Communit Dent

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“…24 Scars can cause morphological abnormalities and functional disorders, especially scars on the face and neck, which can have a significant impact on psychology. 5 There are many measures for the clinical prevention and treatment of scars; however, various factors affect their efficacy, including the race, age, and sex of the patient and the location of the scar. 25 It is difficult to evaluate the efficacy of various treatments; thus, there are currently no standardized prevention and treatment methods for scars.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,4 In particular, facial scarring will not only affect the normal function of the face but also cause serious psychological problems to patients. 5 Although there are a variety of methods for preventing the development of scars, there has been no standardized method to date. 6 Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin generated from Clostridium botulinum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and Safety of Botulinum Toxin Type A in Preventing Postoperative Scars and Improving the Cosmetic Appearance of Scars: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Zhang

2020

J Cutan Med Surg

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Background Scars with poor cosmesis that develop after wound healing may affect normal life. Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A (BTXA) in preventing postoperative hypertrophic scars or keloids. Methods A systematic review was performed by searching the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases from their inception date up to February 2020 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy of BTXA in preventing hypertrophic scars or keloids. The primary outcome measures included the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) score, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score, scar width, patient satisfaction, and adverse events. Results Twelve RCTs involving 497 cases (372 patients) were included. The meta-analysis showed significant differences in the VAS score (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.55, P < .00001), VSS score (WMD = −1.02, 95% CI = −1.72 to −0.32, P = .004), scar width (WMD = −0.18, 95% CI = −0.29 to −0.08, P = .0008), and patient satisfaction (relative risk = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.06-1.49, P = .01). Four studies reported trivial adverse events. Conclusions This meta-analysis showed that BTXA was more effective than the control treatment in preventing postoperative scars and improving the cosmetic appearance of facial scars for East Asians, and no serious adverse events were found during the follow-up period. However, there was insufficient evidence to support the use of BTXA for the prevention of scars in patients from other ethnic groups and regions or scars in non-facial areas.

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“… 5 Among these factors, mechanical wound tension has been shown to contribute significantly to healing and scar occurrence and development. 6 Indeed, excessive wound tension from sutures may result in normal skin incision wounds, tissue necrosis, wound dehiscence, widening and hyperplasia of the scar at the edge of the incision. Therefore, reducing wound closing tension may contribute favorably to the prognosis of wound healing and appearance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Wound Tension Reduction Device Combined with Ablative Fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser to Reduce Scar Formation After Excision of Pediatric Facial Skin Lesions: A Prospective Cohort Study

Xu¹,

Li²,

Zhou³

et al. 2022

CCID

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Purpose To investigate the efficacy of skin wound tension reduction device (SWTRD) combined with ablative fractional carbon dioxide laser (CO2-AFL) for the prevention of scar formation following the excision of facial cutaneous lesions in children. Methods Patients undergoing surgical excision of facial cutaneous lesions in our hospital between May 2019 and April 2021 were enrolled. After the excision of facial cutaneous lesions and based on the personal intents and conditions, patients were assigned to undergo SWTRD combined with CO2-AFL. Outcome evaluations were as follows: defect size, incision width, scar width, the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) and University of North Carolina 4P Scar Scale (UNC4P). Results A total of 25 pediatric patients (mean age, 9.88 years) were enrolled in the study. Following the treatment of SWTRD+CO2-AFL, scar widths were relatively narrow and the appearance of the incision scars was significantly improved. A significant reduction in the patient-reported UNC4P scores at 6 months (3, 1–4) was observed when compared with that at 2 months (0, 0–1) after surgery ( p <0.001). A similar reduction in the VSS scar scale was also evident (6 months: 1, 0.75–2.5 vs 2 months: 6.5–8.5; p <0.001). Conclusion Combined SWTRD and CO2-AFL treatment effectively modulates the scar formation after the incision is healed and resulting in preventing scar widening, leading to the improvement of scar appearance, reduction in wound pain and pruritus and its overall prognosis.

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The application of W-plasty combined Botox-A injection in treating sunk scar on the face

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Botulinum toxin application in facial esthetics and recent treatment indications (2013-2018)

Botulinum toxin application in facial esthetics and recent treatment indications (2013-2018)

Efficacy and Safety of Botulinum Toxin Type A in Preventing Postoperative Scars and Improving the Cosmetic Appearance of Scars: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Skin Wound Tension Reduction Device Combined with Ablative Fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser to Reduce Scar Formation After Excision of Pediatric Facial Skin Lesions: A Prospective Cohort Study

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