The application of X‐ray analysis in the transmission electron microscope to a study of drug distribution in the parasite <i>Schistosoma monsoni</i> (Platyhelminthes)

Erasmus, David A.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2818.1974.tb03966.x

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Antimony accumulates to a greater extent in female worms (BROWNE & SCHULERT, 1963;KHAYYAL, 1964;SCHULERT et al, 1967;MOLOKHIA & SMITH, 1968). ERASMUS (1974) showed that Astiban accumulated in the vitelline cells of Schistosoma mansoni and induced ultrastructural changes in the reproductive system (MAGZOUB, 1971;SHAW, 1974;ERASMUS, 1974ERASMUS, , 1975ERASMUS, , 1977SHAW & ERASMUS, 1977;ERASMUS & POPIEL, 1980). S. haematobium maintained in hamsters were treated with 40 mg/kg Astiban on 1, 3 and 7 successive days, recovered 24 hours later and prepared for electron microscopy by the method of .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosoma haematobium: the effect of Astiban on the cell composition and ultrastructure of the vitelline gland and the ultrastructure of the tegument and gastrodermis

Leitch

Probert

1990

J. Helminthol.

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Treatment of Schistosoma haematobium (Nigerian strain) in hamsters with a single dose of 40 mg/kg of Astiban caused a reduction in the number of S1, S2, and S3 vitelline cells and an increase in S4 cells. Following seven daily doses of the drug, a marked reduction in S1 cells and a complete loss of S2 and S3 cells occurred such that 95% of the cells were S4 cells, all of which were structurally abnormal. Coagulation and disintegration of the protein granules of the vitelline droplets occurred with increase in lipid droplets, swelling of the nuclear membrane and an increase in cytosegresomes. Blebbing of the tegument in both sexes occurred following a single treatment and vacuolation of the basal infolds and alterations to the mitochondria also resulted, but severe erosion of the tegument was rare even following repeated drug treatment. Damage to the gastrodermis was severe with the development of autophagic vacuoles containing whorls of myelin and sequestered portions of damaged tissue. The degree of damage increased with the number of drug treatments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosoma haematobium: the effect of Astiban on the cell composition and ultrastructure of the vitelline gland and the ultrastructure of the tegument and gastrodermis

Leitch

Probert

1990

J. Helminthol.

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“…Many anti-schistosomal drugs are known to cause changes in the ultrastructure of the parasite and one of the earliest effects in many cases is on the female reproductive system, particularly the vitelline gland (MAGZOUB, 1971;ERASMUS, 1974ERASMUS, , 1975ERASMUS & POPIEL, 1980;POPIEL & ERASMUS, 1981). Drug treatment is reported to cause differential effects on the cell population of this gland, the precise changes being dependent on the particular drug tested (ERASMUS & POPIEL, 1980).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosoma mansoni: an in vivo study of drug-induced autophagy in the gastrodermis

Clarkson¹,

Erasmus²

1984

J. Helminthol.

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The effects of Astiban, Lucanthone, Hycanthone and Niridazole on autophagic activities in the gastrodermis of Schistosoma mansoni were determined in vivo, using different dosage levels and dosage times. With Astiban, high levels of autophagy were observed in the gastrodermis 2 hours after an injection of the drug into the mouse, and this response had declined by 20 hours, marking a recovery by the parasite from the drug. Hycanthone and Lucanthone produced an autophagic response several days after the onset of treatment, and no recovery was observed in the morphology of the gastrodermis after the drug was discontinued. The effects of Niridazole on the gastrodermis were to produce the most dramatic ultrastructural changes after high doses and over several days of treatment. With all the drugs examined, gastrodermal autophagy was characterized by the formation of vacuoles containing cell components, lipid droplets and sometimes hydrolytic enzyme reaction product. The autophagic vacuoles appeared to be formed by the sequestration of cytoplasmic material by the basal membrane infoldings, and the transfer of enzymes into the vacuole from within the limiting membrane. The residues from intracellular digestion appeared to be emptied into the caecal lumen.

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“…Exogenous substances and labels X-ray microanalysis has also been used to identify exogenous substances in cells, either in pathological conditions (Abraham, 1980), or administered as drugs (Erasmus, 1974). The study of foreign substances accumulating in lung has been particularly profitable (Gullv~g et al, 1980).…”

Section: Diffusible Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray microanalysis: a histochemical tool for elemental analysis

1983

Histochem J

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The interactions of electrons with specimens Types of interactionsWhen electrons strike an object, as in an electron microscope, a number of interactions occur that can be, and are, used to give information about the specimen (Table 1). The various types of interactions of electrons that are used to produce images in scanning or transmission electron microscopes are familiar to most biologists, in the form of electron micrographs. The density of a transmission electron micrograph is dependent on the mass of the specimen at that point; because of this, staining and histochemical methods have been developed for electron microscopy using heavy metals. In scanning electron microscopy, the generation of back-scattered electrons is also dependent on atomic number. The information that can be obtained about the composition of the specimen in these ways is, however, extremely crude compared with that obtainable by some other methods. Among these other methods is X-ray microanalysis (also known as electron probe microanalysis) which is foremost among such techniques at present for ease of application and interpretation, and availability of commercial equipment. In X-ray microanalysis, the electrons striking the specimen excite X-rays characteristic of the elements in the specimen. X-ray microanalysis is thus a form of elemental analysis. It has been applied to a wide variety of biological problems, and these will be considered later in the section entitled Some biological applications of X-ray microanalysis. The production of X-rays by electronsWhen an electron of sufficient energy passes through the cloud of electrons surrounding an atomic nucleus, it may cause the displacement of an inner orbital electron to an orbit of higher energy. In the process the primary electron is inelastically scattered; that is, it

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The application of X‐ray analysis in the transmission electron microscope to a study of drug distribution in the parasite Schistosoma monsoni (Platyhelminthes)

Abstract: The application of X-ray analysis in the transmission electron microscope to a study of drug distribution in the parasite Schistosoma mansoni (Platyhelminthes)

Cited by 16 publications

References 5 publications

Schistosoma haematobium: the effect of Astiban on the cell composition and ultrastructure of the vitelline gland and the ultrastructure of the tegument and gastrodermis

Schistosoma haematobium: the effect of Astiban on the cell composition and ultrastructure of the vitelline gland and the ultrastructure of the tegument and gastrodermis

Schistosoma mansoni: an in vivo study of drug-induced autophagy in the gastrodermis

X-ray microanalysis: a histochemical tool for elemental analysis

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