The Aqaba Earthquake of November 22, 1995 and Co-Seismic Deformation in Sinai Peninsula, Deduced from Repeated GPS Measurements

Kimata, Fumiaki; Tealeb, A.; Murakami, Hideki; Furukawa, N.; Mahmoud, Salah; Khalil, H.; Sakr, Kamal; Hamdy, Ahmed M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-72245-5_67

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Sporadic GPS data from the gulf region show southward displacement of the city of Elat (100 km north of the epicentre) by 18.1 ± 1.2 mm with respect to Bar‐Giora (350 km north of the epicentre; Bechor 1998) and coseismic displacement of 166 mm in a direction of 246° in Dahab (eastern Sinai, 26 km southwest of the epicentre; Kimata et al 1997). Given these scarce GPS data and the lack of surface observations (the entire rupture trace was submarine), InSAR observations of the coseismic surface deformation provide the only non‐seismological constraints on the static parameters of the Nuweiba earthquake (Baer et al 1999, 2001).…”

Section: Insar Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional elastic earthquake modelling based on integrated seismological and InSAR data: theM_w= 7.2 Nuweiba earthquake, gulf of Elat/Aqaba 1995 November

Shamir¹,

Baer²,

Hofstetter³

2003

Geophysical Journal International

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SUMMARY The Nuweiba earthquake (1995 November 22; Mw= 7.2), the largest seismic event along the Dead Sea Transform (DST) in at least 160 yr, ruptured 45–50 km along the Aragonese segment of the left‐stepping strike‐slip fault system occupying the gulf of Elat/Aqaba (southern segment of the DST). The rupture initiated in a partly normal, low‐slip first subevent near the southern end of the fault and propagated unilaterally north‐northeastward as a high‐slip, nearly pure sinistral second subevent, which was responsible for over 90 per cent of the total seismic moment. The source mechanism and slip distribution, derived from inversion of teleseismic broad‐band waveforms, are used to construct a 3‐D elastic model of the earthquake based on the boundary elements method, resulting in the full 3‐D displacement and stress fields induced by the earthquake. In the absence of sufficient Global Positioning System data, the only other constraints on the geometry and slip distribution of the rupture are provided by interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) measurements spanning the coseismic and early post‐seismic period. We calculate simulated interferograms by transforming the calculated surface displacement field into the satellite coordinate system and comparing them with the observed interferograms. The model parameters are then iteratively modified until a best‐fitting model is obtained, providing a refined set of static source parameters for the mainshock. This model is then used to calculate the static Coulomb stress changes induced by the mainshock on the step‐over faults, suggesting that the major (Mw≥ 5) aftershocks in the first eight post‐seismic months were triggered by small changes (<1 bar) in the left‐lateral Coulomb stress, with effective friction coefficient not higher than 0.2. Aftershock distribution and mechanisms indicate that the available Coulomb stress dropped below the frictional strength of the fault but was not complete.

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Section: Insar Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional elastic earthquake modelling based on integrated seismological and InSAR data: theM_w= 7.2 Nuweiba earthquake, gulf of Elat/Aqaba 1995 November

Shamir¹,

Baer²,

Hofstetter³

2003

Geophysical Journal International

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“…Owing to the low rates of crustal movements in the region, episodic measurements were not accurate enough to detect interseismic deformation across the DSF [ Adler et al , 2001; Ostrovsky , 2001; Even‐Tzur , 2001]. Coseismic deformation induced by the M = 7.2 1995 Nuweiba earthquake was detected by episodic GPS measurements [ Kimata et al , 1997; Bechor , 1998], as well as by InSAR [ Baer et al , 1999, 2001]. On the basis of three‐dimensional elastic earthquake modeling of the InSAR observed deformation, Shamir et al [2003] estimated that the geodetic moment release accounted for 90% of the seismic moment release.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GPS measurements of current crustal movements along the Dead Sea Fault

et al. 2004

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A network of 11 continuous GPS stations was constructed in Israel between 1996 and 2001 to monitor current crustal movements across the Dead Sea Fault (DSF). Analysis of the GPS measurements with respect to the ITRF2000 Reference Frame yields time series of daily site positions containing both secular and seasonal variations. Horizontal secular variations (station velocities) are evaluated with respect to the main tectonic element in the region, the DSF. We use six velocity vectors west of the DSF to define the ITRF2000 pole of the Sinai sub‐plate, and rotate the velocity field for all stations into the Sinai reference frame (SRF). The velocity vectors reveal that (1) relative station movements are less than 4 mm/yr; (2) the nine stations located west of the DSF show no statistically significant motion with respect to the SRF; and (3) the two stations located in the Golan Heights (KATZ and ELRO) and a station in Damascus, Syria (UDMC) show 1.7–2.8 mm/yr northward motion with respect to Sinai, indicating a left‐lateral motion along the DSF. Using locked‐fault models, we estimate the current slip rate across the DSF as 3.3 ± 0.4 mm/yr. If we exclude the northern sites (ELRO and UDMC), which are located adjacent to the compressional jog of Mount Hermon, our estimate increases to 3.7 ± 0.4 mm/yr. The calculated ITRF2000 Sinai, Eurasia, and Nubia poles and a published pole for Arabia allow us to calculate the current relative plate motion of Sinai‐Arabia and Sinai‐Nubia.

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“…This comparison is enabled for an instrumental Nuweibaa earthquake, which occurred on 22 Nov. 1995 in Aqaba Gulf at the southernmost of the southern DSFS (Figure 7). The Dahab GPS station (DHAB) located at 26 km in the south-west of the epicenter, has documented a coseismic displacement of 17 cm (Kimata et al, 1997). The empirical results, shown Table 1, demonstrate the estimated coseismic displacement to be 33.36 cm at the epicenter of Nuweibaa earthquake.…”

Section: Preliminary Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical Relationship for Assessing the Near-Field Horizontal Coseismic Displacement Using GPS Seismology Data

Darawcheh

Ghazzi

Abdul-Wahed

2021

GeofInt

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In this research, a data set of horizontal GPS coseismic displacement in the near-field has been assembled around the world in order to investigate a potential relationship between the displacement and the earthquake parameters. Regression analyses have been applied to the data of 120 interplate earthquakes having the magnitude (Mw 4.8-9.2). An empirical relationship for prediction near-field horizontal GPS coseismic displacement as a function of moment magnitude and the distance between hypocenter and near field GPS station has been established using the multi regression analysis. The obtained relationship allows assessing the coseismic displacements associated with some large historical earthquakes occurred along the Dead Sea fault system. Such a fair relationship could be useful for assessing the coseismic displacement at any point around the active faults.

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The Aqaba Earthquake of November 22, 1995 and Co-Seismic Deformation in Sinai Peninsula, Deduced from Repeated GPS Measurements

Abstract: The new techniques of space geodesy, especially the Global Positioning System (GPS), allow the monitoring of ongoing crustal defonnation and provide a powerful tool for the analysis of the regional seismotectonic regime and characterization of cUITent strain accumulation and release.

Cited by 3 publications

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Three-dimensional elastic earthquake modelling based on integrated seismological and InSAR data: theM_w= 7.2 Nuweiba earthquake, gulf of Elat/Aqaba 1995 November

Three-dimensional elastic earthquake modelling based on integrated seismological and InSAR data: theM_w= 7.2 Nuweiba earthquake, gulf of Elat/Aqaba 1995 November

GPS measurements of current crustal movements along the Dead Sea Fault

Empirical Relationship for Assessing the Near-Field Horizontal Coseismic Displacement Using GPS Seismology Data

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The Aqaba Earthquake of November 22, 1995 and Co-Seismic Deformation in Sinai Peninsula, Deduced from Repeated GPS Measurements

Abstract: The new techniques of space geodesy, especially the Global Positioning System (GPS), allow the monitoring of ongoing crustal defonnation and provide a powerful tool for the analysis of the regional seismotectonic regime and characterization of cUITent strain accumulation and release.

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Three-dimensional elastic earthquake modelling based on integrated seismological and InSAR data: theMw= 7.2 Nuweiba earthquake, gulf of Elat/Aqaba 1995 November

Three-dimensional elastic earthquake modelling based on integrated seismological and InSAR data: theMw= 7.2 Nuweiba earthquake, gulf of Elat/Aqaba 1995 November

GPS measurements of current crustal movements along the Dead Sea Fault

Empirical Relationship for Assessing the Near-Field Horizontal Coseismic Displacement Using GPS Seismology Data

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Product

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Three-dimensional elastic earthquake modelling based on integrated seismological and InSAR data: theM_w= 7.2 Nuweiba earthquake, gulf of Elat/Aqaba 1995 November

Three-dimensional elastic earthquake modelling based on integrated seismological and InSAR data: theM_w= 7.2 Nuweiba earthquake, gulf of Elat/Aqaba 1995 November