The aqueous chemistry of radium

Abstract

Available literature data on the aqueous chemistry of radium are compiled. There are limited available experimental data and a significant portion of the data has been estimated using electrostatic techniques, typically based on the corresponding data of barium. The available data are compared with the corresponding data of barium (and strontium) and a methodology for estimating additional radium thermochemical data is described.

Elucidating the coordination chemistry of the radium ion for targeted alpha therapy

“…This finding corroborates our current understanding of the nature of ligand binding interactions with the Ra 2+ ion as being dominated by electrostatics, such that highly charged chelators like DOTA 4− are expected to form complexes of relatively high thermodynamic stability with Ra 2+ . 6 However, these results also underscore the importance of considering the effects of Na + and other competing endogenous ions on Ra 2+ complex stability when seeking to implement new chelators for 223 Ra-based TAT.…”

“…Furthermore, few efforts have been undertaken to characterize the structure, kinetics, and thermodynamics of coordination complexes of Ra 2+ with organic chelators. 6 As such, the key bonding interactions, association/dissociation mechanisms, and chemical speciation underlying the formation of (un)stable complexes of Ra 2+ are poorly established. This information is challenging to obtain because of the limited availability and high radioactivity of all Ra isotopes.…”

“…These values can provide valuable insight into the fundamental coordination preferences of Ra 2+ and serve as a useful metric to compare binding strengths and selectivities among chelators. To date, stability constant studies of Ra 2+ complexes have been limited to simple organic acids and acyclic polyaminocarboxylate ligands, 6,10 which are known to form complexes of low stability in vivo with many radiometals. 7 a Here, we expand our knowledge of the stability constants of Ra 2+ complexes to include two chelators that are directly relevant for use in biomedical applications.…”

Threshold Values for the Protection of Marine Ecosystems from Norm in Subsea Oil and Gas Infrastructure

“…This assumption may not be true for point sources of contamination with different chemistries to environmental matrices such as radionuclides originating from NORM-contaminated products (Periáñez et al, 2018). This is clearly the case for radium, which is known to be highly insoluble in oxic seawater due to the low solubility product of RaSO 4 (log 10 K sp of − 10.24) (Brown et al, 2022). This gives greater context to the high K d value calculated from seawater leach experiments of radium in radium-contaminated barite scale, 1.5 × 10 6 L/kg, which is ~800 times greater than the default Ra K d value of 2 × 10 3 (IAEA, 2004a).…”

Calix[4]crowns with perfluoroalkylsulfonylcarboxamide functions: a complexation approach for heavy group 2 metal ions

“…27 Additionally, the nonradioactive isotopes of barium serve as a surrogate for basic investigations by NMR or UV-Vis in the development of radium-223/-224-based radiopharmaceuticals. [28][29][30][31] The appropriate half-lives ( 223 Ra: 11.4 d; 224 Ra: 3.6 d) 32,33 and nuclear decay properties make these two radionuclides useful tools in targeted radionuclide therapy with α-particles. 34 To date, [ 223 Ra]RaCl 2 (Xofigo®) is the only EMA-and FDA-approved radiopharmaceutical for α-therapeutic applications in the clinic.…”