The Arabidopsis Aleurone Layer Responds to Nitric Oxide, Gibberellin, and Abscisic Acid and Is Sufficient and Necessary for Seed Dormancy

Bethke, Paul C.; Libourel, Igor G. L.; Aoyama, Natsuyo; Chung, Yong-Yoon; Still, David W.; Jones, Russell L.

doi:10.1104/pp.106.093435

Cited by 324 publications

(264 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Similar to the tissue specific expression of qLTG3-1, it is known that genes for chitinase, class I ␤-1,3-glucanase, expansin, endo-␤-D-mannanase, and xyloglucan endotransglycosylase are involved in cell wall modification or tissue weakening in the endosperm cap before radicle emergence in tomato (20)(21)(22)(23)(24). Vacuolation was observed in the region of the aleurone layer that ruptures first during germination (14,25). These cellular changes are associated with physical weakening of the endosperm cap before radicle emergence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Molecular identification of a major quantitative trait locus, qLTG3–1 , controlling low-temperature germinability in rice

Fujino¹,

Sekiguchi²,

Matsuda³

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

276

273

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Tolerance to abiotic stress is an important agronomic trait in crops and is controlled by many genes, which are called quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Identification of these QTLs will contribute not only to the understanding of plant biology but also for plant breeding, to achieve stable crop production around the world. Previously, we mapped three QTLs controlling low-temperature tolerance at the germination stage (called low-temperature germinability). To understand the molecular basis of one of these QTLs, qLTG3-1 (quantitative trait locus for low-temperature germinability on chromosome 3), map-based cloning was performed, and this QTL was shown to be encoded by a protein of unknown function. The QTL qLTG3-1 is strongly expressed in the embryo during seed germination. Before and during seed germination, specific localization of beta-glucuronidase staining in the tissues covering the embryo, which involved the epiblast covering the coleoptile and the aleurone layer of the seed coat, was observed. Expression of qLTG3-1 was tightly associated with vacuolation of the tissues covering the embryo. This may cause tissue weakening, resulting in reduction of the mechanical resistance to the growth potential of the coleoptile. These phenomena are quite similar to the model system of seed germination presented by dicot plants, suggesting that this model may be conserved in both dicot and monocot plants.natural variation ͉ QTLs ͉ seed germination T he control of seed dormancy and germination is important for the adaptability of plants, and germination under favorable environmental conditions is needed for their survival. Seed dormancy and germination is a complex trait influenced by many genes and environmental conditions (1). In addition, the plant hormones gibberellin and abscisic acid (ABA) play important roles in the expression of seed dormancy and germination (2, 3).Strong seedling vigor under low temperatures is an important objective of rice breeding programs in direct-seeding cultivation methods in temperate rice-growing areas, at high altitudes in tropical and subtropical areas, and in areas with a cold irrigation water supply where low temperature induces retardation of early seedling growth. Germinability (germination rate) and early seedling growth are major components of seedling vigor. A wide range of phenotypic variation of low-temperature germinability was found in rice cultivars. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis for low temperature germinability revealed that many genes control this trait (4-6). However, the molecular functions of the genes for these QTLs have not been identified.A QTL mapping approach is effective to detect genes controlling traits involved in seed germination. Under several kinds of stress, such as temperature, NaCl, and osmotic pressure, germination is delayed or inhibited. QTLs for the speed of germination may be important for germination in general and may not be affected by any kind of stress (7,8). QTLs for the speed of germination collocated with those of ABA sensitivity a...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Molecular identification of a major quantitative trait locus, qLTG3–1 , controlling low-temperature germinability in rice

Fujino¹,

Sekiguchi²,

Matsuda³

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

276

273

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“…For example, nitric oxide (NO) can remove dormancy in imbibed seeds (34), and we note that NO has been shown to function within the N-end rule pathway (2), raising the possibility that NO operates through this pathway. The pathway requires a specific endopeptidasesubstrate interaction or action of MetAPs (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The N-end rule pathway promotes seed germination and establishment through removal of ABA sensitivity in Arabidopsis

Holman

Jones²,

Russell

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

173

205

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The N-end rule pathway targets protein degradation through the identity of the amino-terminal residue of specific protein substrates. Two components of this pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana, PROTEOLYSIS6 (PRT6) and arginyl-tRNA:protein arginyltransferase (ATE), were shown to regulate seed after-ripening, seedling sugar sensitivity, seedling lipid breakdown, and abscisic acid (ABA) sensitivity of germination. Sensitivity of prt6 mutant seeds to ABA inhibition of endosperm rupture reduced with after-ripening time, suggesting that seeds display a previously undescribed window of sensitivity to ABA. Reduced root growth of prt6 alleles and the ate1 ate2 double mutant was rescued by exogenous sucrose, and the breakdown of lipid bodies and seed-derived triacylglycerol was impaired in mutant seedlings, implicating the N-end rule pathway in control of seed oil mobilization. Epistasis analysis indicated that PRT6 control of germination and establishment, as exemplified by ABA and sugar sensitivity, as well as storage oil mobilization, occurs at least in part via transcription factors ABI3 and ABI5. The N-end rule pathway of protein turnover is therefore postulated to inactivate as-yet unidentified key component(s) of ABA signaling to influence the seed-to-seedling transition.abscisic acid ͉ aminoacyl tRNA protein transferase ͉ lipid bodies ͉ targeted protein degradation

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“…Earlier study showed that aleurone layer responds to NO and the response is necessary for seed dormancy. 29 Although a lot of studies have indicated that NO is necessary for seed dormancy control, how NO is released during imbibition remains to be clarified. Whether it is by nitrate reductase, NOS or some other ways is not clear.…”

Section: Rapid Accumulation Of No Regulates Aba Catabolism and Seed Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid accumulation of NO regulates ABA catabolism and seed dormancy during imbibition in Arabidopsis

Liu

Zhang

2009

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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The Arabidopsis Aleurone Layer Responds to Nitric Oxide, Gibberellin, and Abscisic Acid and Is Sufficient and Necessary for Seed Dormancy

Cited by 324 publications

References 58 publications

Molecular identification of a major quantitative trait locus, qLTG3–1 , controlling low-temperature germinability in rice

Molecular identification of a major quantitative trait locus, qLTG3–1 , controlling low-temperature germinability in rice

The N-end rule pathway promotes seed germination and establishment through removal of ABA sensitivity in Arabidopsis

Rapid accumulation of NO regulates ABA catabolism and seed dormancy during imbibition in Arabidopsis

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