The Arabidopsis<i>SKU5</i>Gene Encodes an Extracellular Glycosyl Phosphatidylinositol–Anchored Glycoprotein Involved in Directional Root Growth[W]

Sedbrook, John C.; Carroll, Kathleen L.; Hung, Kai F.; Masson, Patrick; Somerville, Chris

doi:10.1105/tpc.002360

Cited by 212 publications

(263 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Data were fitted to the Nernst equation for one (dashed line) or two (solid line) redox centers. al., 2002); it is also bound to the PM by means of a GPI anchor (Sedbrook et al, 2002), and it copurifies with AIR12 (see Fig. 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auxin-Responsive Genes AIR12 Code for a New Family of Plasma Membrane b-Type Cytochromes Specific to Flowering Plants

et al. 2009

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We report here on the identification of the major plasma membrane (PM) ascorbate-reducible b-type cytochrome of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and soybean (Glycine max) hypocotyls as orthologs of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) AIR12 (for auxin induced in root cultures). Soybean AIR12, which is glycosylated and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored to the external side of the PM in vivo, was expressed in Pichia pastoris in a recombinant form, lacking the glycosylphosphatidylinositol modification signal and purified from the culture medium. Recombinant AIR12 is a soluble protein predicted to fold into a b-sandwich domain and belonging to the DOMON (for dopamine b-monooxygenase N terminus) domain superfamily. It is shown to be a b-type cytochrome with a symmetrical a-band at 561 nm, fully reduced by ascorbate, and fully oxidized by monodehydroascorbate radical. AIR12 is a high-potential cytochrome b showing a wide bimodal dependence from the redox potential between +80 mV and +300 mV. Optical absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis indicate that AIR12 binds a single, highly axial low-spin heme, likely coordinated by methionine-91 and histidine-76, which are strongly conserved in AIR12 sequences. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that the auxin-responsive genes AIR12 represent a new family of PM b-type cytochromes specific to flowering plants. Circumstantial evidence suggests that AIR12 may interact with other redox partners within the PM to constitute a redox link between cytoplasm and apoplast.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auxin-Responsive Genes AIR12 Code for a New Family of Plasma Membrane b-Type Cytochromes Specific to Flowering Plants

et al. 2009

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“…SKU5 SIMILAR15 (SKS15) belongs to a 19-gene family named SKS. The founding member of this family, SKU5, was suggested to participate in cell wall expansion in root cells, is located on the plasma membrane and the cell wall, and is mainly expressed in expanding tissue (Sedbrook et al, 2002). SKS15 is closely connected with two extension genes, a pectinesterase and EXPANSIN14 (http://atted.jp/), and was found to be strongly down-regulated upon Pi starvation (Table IV).…”

Section: Rm3 Reveals Potential Novel Players In Pi Deficiency-inducedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coexpression-Based Clustering of Arabidopsis Root Genes Predicts Functional Modules in Early Phosphate Deficiency Signaling

et al. 2011

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Phosphate (Pi) deficiency triggers the differential expression of a large set of genes, which communally adapt the plant to low Pi bioavailability. To infer functional modules in early transcriptional responses to Pi deficiency, we conducted time-course microarray experiments and subsequent coexpression-based clustering of Pi-responsive genes by pairwise comparison of genes against a customized database. Three major clusters, enriched in genes putatively functioning in transcriptional regulation, root hair formation, and developmental adaptations, were predicted from this analysis. Validation of gene expression by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR revealed that transcripts from randomly selected genes were robustly induced within the first hour after transfer to Pi-deplete medium. Pectin-related processes were among the earliest and most robust responses to Pi deficiency, indicating that cell wall alterations are critical in the early transcriptional response to Pi deficiency. Phenotypical analysis of homozygous mutants defective in the expression of genes from the root hair cluster revealed eight novel genes involved in Pi deficiency-induced root hair elongation. The plants responded rapidly to Pi deficiency by the induction of a subset of transcription factors, followed by a repression of genes involved in cell wall alterations. The combined results provide a novel, integrated view at a systems level of the root responses that acclimate Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to suboptimal Pi levels.

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“…Although many plant GPI-anchored proteins have been documented (Borner et al, 2002;Borner et al, 2003), very few have been functionally studied. However, functional data have been recently reported for three Arabidopsis GPI-anchored proteins encoded by cobra, sku5 and sos5 (Schindelman et al, 2001;Sedbrook et al, 2002;Shi et al, 2003) and for a rice COBRA-like protein . All these GPI-anchored proteins seem to be involved in the orientation of cell elongation and/or in cell-to-cell adhesion.…”

Section: Research 117mentioning

confidence: 99%

Poplar genes encoding fasciclin‐like arabinogalactan proteins are highly expressed in tension wood

Lafarguette

Leplé²,

Déjardin³

et al. 2004

New Phytologist

186

185

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Summary Fifteen poplar cDNA encoding fasciclin‐like arabinogalactan proteins (PopFLAs) were finely characterized, whereas the presence of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) was globally assessed during wood formation. PopFLAs transcript accumulation was analysed through EST distribution in cDNA libraries, semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR, microarray experiment and Northern blot analysis. Similarly, AGPs contents were globally quantified by rocket electrophoresis. AGPs accumulation was further examined by Western blotting and immunocytolocalization. Ten PopFLAs were specifically expressed in tension wood (TW) and not expressed in the cambial zone. Rocket electrophoresis revealed important AGPs accumulation in TW xylem. An anti‐AGPs specific antibody recognized two proteins preferentially present in the cell wall‐bound fraction from TW. Immunocytochemistry revealed a strong labelling close to the inner part of the G‐layer of TW fibres. PopFLAs are expressed in xylem and many are up‐regulated in TW. It is suggested that some PopFLAs accumulating at the inner side of the G‐layer may have a specific function in the building of this layer. PopFLAs expression may therefore be linked to the specific mechanical properties of TW.

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The ArabidopsisSKU5Gene Encodes an Extracellular Glycosyl Phosphatidylinositol–Anchored Glycoprotein Involved in Directional Root Growth[W]

Cited by 212 publications

References 56 publications

Auxin-Responsive Genes AIR12 Code for a New Family of Plasma Membrane b-Type Cytochromes Specific to Flowering Plants

Auxin-Responsive Genes AIR12 Code for a New Family of Plasma Membrane b-Type Cytochromes Specific to Flowering Plants

Coexpression-Based Clustering of Arabidopsis Root Genes Predicts Functional Modules in Early Phosphate Deficiency Signaling

Poplar genes encoding fasciclin‐like arabinogalactan proteins are highly expressed in tension wood

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