The Arabidopsis Mei2 homologue AML1 binds AtRaptor1B, the plant homologue of a major regulator of eukaryotic cell growth

Anderson, Garrett H; Hanson, Maureen R.

doi:10.1186/1471-2229-5-2

Cited by 49 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Tor signals through a combination of direct phosphorylation of downstream targets and repression of phosphatase activity [58] . Some possible substrates have already been identified in plants, such as a meiosis signaling molecule AML1 (Arabidopsis Mei2-like 1) [59] and EBP1 (ErbB-3 epidermal growth factor receptor binding protein) [60] in Arabidopsis , and a translation regulator S6K (ribosomal p70 S6 kinase) [39] , [61] , but their relationship to autophagy induction is not known. The Atg1/Atg13 complex has been shown to be a Tor substrate in yeast and metazoans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TOR Is a Negative Regulator of Autophagy in Arabidopsis thaliana

2010

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BackgroundAutophagy is a protein degradation process by which cells recycle cytoplasmic contents under stress conditions or during senescence; a basal level of housekeeping autophagy also occurs under non-stressed conditions. Although a number of genes that function in autophagy (ATG genes) have been identified in plants, the upstream components that regulate the plant autophagy pathway are still obscure. Target of rapamycin (TOR) is a negative regulator of autophagy in both yeast and animals, and homologs of TOR in plants control plant growth and protein synthesis. However, a role for TOR in regulation of autophagy in plants has not been demonstrated previously.Methodology/Principal FindingsIn this paper we used RNA interference (RNAi) to generate transgenic plants with reduced AtTOR transcript level. By observing monodansylcadaverine- (MDC) and GFP-AtATG8e-labeled autophagosomes, these plants were demonstrated to have constitutive AtATG18a-dependent autophagy. Reverse transcriptase-PCR also showed increased expression of some AtATG genes in the RNAi-AtTOR plants. Unlike autophagy induced by starvation or salt stress, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor did not inhibit the constitutive autophagy in the RNAi-AtTOR lines, indicating that AtTOR is either downstream of or in a parallel pathway to NADPH oxidase.Conclusions/SignificanceTogether, our results provide evidence that TOR is a negative regulator of autophagy in plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TOR Is a Negative Regulator of Autophagy in Arabidopsis thaliana

2010

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“…Mei2 phosphorylation by TORC1 induces polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of Mei2, leading to the suppression of sexual differentiation [ 58 ]. Mei2-like protein is widely conserved in plants [ 60 , 61 ]. It is intriguing that an Arabidopsis Raptor homolog, named AtRaptor1B, binds to Mei2-like protein AML1 as in S. pombe [ 60 ], suggesting a conserved regulatory mechanism between S. pombe and plants.…”

Section: Direct Phosphorylation Targets Of Torc1 That Regulate Sexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mei2-like protein is widely conserved in plants [ 60 , 61 ]. It is intriguing that an Arabidopsis Raptor homolog, named AtRaptor1B, binds to Mei2-like protein AML1 as in S. pombe [ 60 ], suggesting a conserved regulatory mechanism between S. pombe and plants.…”

Section: Direct Phosphorylation Targets Of Torc1 That Regulate Sexmentioning

confidence: 99%

TORC1-Dependent Phosphorylation Targets in Fission Yeast

et al. 2017

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Target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase controls cell metabolism and growth in response to environmental cues such as nutrients, growth factors, and stress. TOR kinase is widely conserved across eukaryotes. As in other organisms, the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has two types of TOR complex, namely TOR complex 1 (TORC1) and TORC2. It is interesting that the two TOR complexes in S. pombe have opposite roles in sexual differentiation, which is induced by nutrient starvation. TORC1, which contains Tor2 as a catalytic subunit, promotes vegetative growth and represses sexual differentiation in nutrient-rich conditions, while TORC2 is required for the initiation of sexual differentiation. Multiple targets of TORC1 have been identified. Some of these, such as S6 kinase and an autophagy regulator Atg13, are known targets in other organisms. In addition, there is a novel group of TORC1 targets involved in the regulation of sexual differentiation. Here, we review recent findings on phosphorylation targets of TORC1 in S. pombe. Furthermore, we briefly report a novel S. pombe target of TORC1.

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“…Putative serine threonine-protein phosphatase C27B7.6 regulates phosphorylation involved in cell proliferation, programmed cell death, and cell differentiation [108]. Protein MEI2-like 5, protein MEI2-like 3, meiosis protein mei2, and mitogen-activated protein kinase 2 were potential RNA-binding proteins essential for commitment to meiosis [109,110]. The patellin family protein is a carrier protein potentially involved in membrane-trafficking events associated with cell plate formation during cytokinesis [111].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of novel differentially expressed zooxanthellal genes fromAiptasia-Symbiodiniumendosymbiosis through SDS-based RNA purification

Chen

Song

Chen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Endosymbiosis between dinoflagellates and cnidarian hosts first occurred more than 200 million years ago; however, symbiosis-specific genes and cellular processes involved in the establishment, maintenance, and breakdown of endosymbiosis remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the zooxanthellal genes associated with the aforementioned biological processes during endosymbiosis in Aiptasia-Symbiodinium endosymbionts. Here, zooxanthellae isolates were treated with 0.02% SDS to decrease potential host RNA contamination and to enhance the identification of novel symbiosis/nonsymbiosis-associated differentially expressed zooxanthellal genes through suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods. Consequently, among 214 symbiosis-specific transcripts identified herein that displayed identity to only 5.6% of host-derived transcripts, 64% were well-known functional genes. In the nonsymbiotic stage, 181 differentially expressed transcripts were identified, of which 64.1% belonged to well-known functional genes. BLAST revealed that 8 categories of cellular processes were significantly induced in symbiotic or nonsymbiotic zooxanthellae. Together with the results of quantitative analysis, the results revealed that photosynthesis, flagellate biosynthesis and motility, stress-induced responses, cell wall biosynthesis, starch synthesis and transport, lipid biosynthesis and metabolism, host/symbiont immune response, intercellular communication, cell growth, and cell cycle regulation were the major cellular processes occurring in symbiotic/nonsymbiotic stages. The present results provide insights into the mechanisms involved in regulating the different physiological processes in symbiotic/nonsymbiotic zooxanthellae and may guide future studies.

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The Arabidopsis Mei2 homologue AML1 binds AtRaptor1B, the plant homologue of a major regulator of eukaryotic cell growth

Cited by 49 publications

References 31 publications

TOR Is a Negative Regulator of Autophagy in Arabidopsis thaliana

TOR Is a Negative Regulator of Autophagy in Arabidopsis thaliana

TORC1-Dependent Phosphorylation Targets in Fission Yeast

Identification of novel differentially expressed zooxanthellal genes fromAiptasia-Symbiodiniumendosymbiosis through SDS-based RNA purification

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