2005
DOI: 10.1017/s0021853705000770
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THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF SOUTHERNMOST AFRICA FROM c. 2000 BP TO THE EARLY 1800s: A REVIEW OF RECENT RESEARCH

Abstract: Southernmost Africa (here meaning South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland) provides an excellent opportunity for investigating the relations between farming, herding and hunting-gathering communities over the past 2,000 years, as well as the development of societies committed to food production and their increasing engagement with the wider world through systems of exchange spanning the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. This paper surveys and evaluates the archaeological research relevant to these communities and issues… Show more

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Cited by 49 publications
(17 citation statements)
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“…The movement of native Africans to the Southern tip of the continent [10], the expansion of European logistic settlements [11], the extensive form of local agriculture and the hunt for mineral deposits [12] have all been important factors in provoking demand for and conflict over land in emerging territories and colonies in the region. Following the establishment of independent states with white minority rule, access to productive land was restricted by public law [13].…”
Section: Zimbabwe's Multifarious Land Reformmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The movement of native Africans to the Southern tip of the continent [10], the expansion of European logistic settlements [11], the extensive form of local agriculture and the hunt for mineral deposits [12] have all been important factors in provoking demand for and conflict over land in emerging territories and colonies in the region. Following the establishment of independent states with white minority rule, access to productive land was restricted by public law [13].…”
Section: Zimbabwe's Multifarious Land Reformmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The period up to the beginning of the 2nd millennium AD is usually referred to as the Early Iron Age (EIA) in South Africa (Kuper 1980;Denbow 1986;Huffman 1981Huffman , 1982Huffman , 1984aHuffman , 1986Huffman , 1993Mitchell 2002;Mitchell & Whitelaw 2005). Cattle were central to the economic, social and ideological life of these patrilineal communities and cattle kraals were normally of glass beads (Paper I), shows that from the 7th century some of these communities participated in trade with the Indian Ocean, there is no visible evidence that occurred mainly on the basis of sex and age.…”
Section: Background To Southern African Archaeological Sitesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…But this represented a consolidation and elaboration of the move to Even though this evidence demonstrates that southern Africa's participation in Indian Ocean commerce, accompanied by wealth accumulation by the elite, grew dramatically over the period under study, it is important to recognize that other factors played a role in the evolution from chiefdom to statehood. As Chapman (1991, p. 43) stressed in discussing such evolution, "… we cannot assume Many other factors were in place that contributed to the development of socio-political complexity in southern Africa including a growth in population, which in wealth in the form of cattle and changes in ideology (Huffman 2000, p. 27;Mitchell & Whitelaw 2005, p. 240).…”
Section: Areamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These were resumed in 2008 through to 2010 ahead of the construction of the Metolong Dam in the middle section of the Phuthiatsana River. The excavations provided evidence of both Middle Stone Age (MSA) and Later Stone Age (LSA) occupations in several of the valley's rock shelters and also documented aspects of the more recent settlement of the area by Sotho-speaking people in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries (Mitchell 1993;Mitchell 1994;Mitchell and Whitelaw 2005;King et al 2014;Mitchell and Arthur 2014).…”
Section: The Phuthiatsana Valley Lesothomentioning
confidence: 95%