The Architecture of a Comprehensive Equation Browser for the Print Impaired

Karshmer, Arthur I.; Bledsoe, Chris; Stanley, Paul

doi:10.1109/vlhcc.2005.61

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition to ASTER, various other software projects have developed systems for spoken math. Some of those projects are MathTalk, developed by Stevens et al (1997), MathGenie (Karshmer, Bledsoe, & Stanley, 2005), the Lambda Project (Edwards, McCartney, & Fogarolo, 2006), WinTriangle (Gardner, 2005), AudioMath (Ferreira &Freitas, 2004), andReMathEx (Gaura, 2002). The latter two projects used math expressions encoded in MathML as the basis for speech, but neither project is under active development as of this writing.…”

Section: Other Projectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Initial Evaluation of the ClearSpeak Style for Automated Speaking of Algebra

Frankel

Brownstein

Soiffer

et al. 2016

ETS Research Report Series

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Since its 1947 founding, ETS has conducted and disseminated scientific research to support its products and services, and to advance the measurement and education fields. In keeping with these goals, ETS is committed to making its research freely available to the professional community and to the general public. Published accounts of ETS research, including papers in the ETS Research Report series, undergo a formal peer-review process by ETS staff to ensure that they meet established scientific and professional standards. All such ETS-conducted peer reviews are in addition to any reviews that outside organizations may provide as part of their own publication processes. Peer review notwithstanding, the positions expressed in the ETS Research Report series and other published accounts of ETS research are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Officers and Trustees of Educational Testing Service.The Daniel Eignor Editorship is named in honor of Dr. Daniel R. Eignor, who from 2001 until 2011 served the Research and Development division as Editor for the ETS Research Report series. The Eignor Editorship has been created to recognize the pivotal leadership role that Dr. Eignor played in the research publication process at ETS. The work described in this report is the first phase of a project to provide easy-to-use tools for authoring and rendering secondary-school algebra-level math expressions in synthesized speech that is useful for students with blindness or low vision. This report describes the initial development, software implementation, and evaluation of the ClearSpeak speech style-implemented for initial testing purposes using prerecorded synthetic speech, and implemented later in the project as a collection of predefined rules and in some cases variations (called preferences in ClearSpeak)-for automatically generated synthetic speech. In addition to wording, speech styles can specify pausing (or other prosodic cues) within the speech. The ClearSpeak style focuses on speech for secondary school algebra. The evaluation compares a prototype of the ClearSpeak style to two pre-existing speech styles: MathSpeak and SimpleSpeak. The primary parameters evaluated are students' success in drawing conclusions about the content and structure of math expressions and their perceptions regarding the familiarity, helpfulness, and understandability of the expressions as spoken. Please see Appendix E for information on obtaining a version of this report that is fully accessible using the tools described. ETS Research Report Series ISSN 2330-8516 R E S E A R C H R E P O R T Development and Initial Evaluation of the ClearSpeak Style for Automated Speaking of AlgebraKeywords math; accessibility; blindness; visual impairment; text-to-speech; MathML; algebra; STEM; ClearSpeak; assistive technology; screen reader doi:10. 1002/ets2.12103 There is a great need to improve mathematics achievement in students with visual impairments (SVIs), for whom there is a large achievement gap compared to students without disabilit...

show abstract

Section: Other Projectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Initial Evaluation of the ClearSpeak Style for Automated Speaking of Algebra

Frankel

Brownstein

Soiffer

et al. 2016

ETS Research Report Series

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This work continues the efforts of the MathGenie Project [1,2,3] which has succeeded thus far in converting math in the MathML format to: (1) to a verbal rendering; (2) to an enlargeable visual image for persons with low vision [4]; and (3) a visual image combined with highlighted, spoken text for potential use with the learning disabled [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…The square root of x plus 1 over y (1) This verbal rendering could be perceived in any one of the following ways:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Translating MathML into Nemeth Braille Code

Stanley

Karshmer

2006

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. An assistive software application has been created that translates math statements encoded as MathML into Nemeth Braille Code (NBC). This translation is conducted in two phases, the translation of the MathML elements into NBC, then the implementation of rules specific to Nemeth Braille that are irrelevant to MathML. All MathML elements holding semantically relevant information are translated by this program, including the nesting of elements to any level. Some of the syntactical rules inherent to NBC such as the use of the numeric indicator; additional space characters; and some contractions have also been implemented; other rules remain to be incorporated. The NBC can be exported in three ways (1) directly to a refreshable Braille device via a serial connection in real time; (2) saved as a text file then downloaded into a Braille device; and (3) save as a text file then embossed by a third party application. This application allows a person with no Braille experience to enter a math equation into any equation editor that can save that statement in the MathML format, and then convert that statement into Nemeth Braille Code for perusal by the visually impaired.

show abstract

“…Among their conclusions was that prosody was not effective for human speakers; tests were not done with computerized speech. The resulting software, MathGenie [9] does not use prosody.…”

Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using accessible math textbooks with students who have learning disabilities

Lewis

Noble

Soiffer

2010

Proceedings of the 12th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Math is a subject that most students in K-12 participate in every school day. This includes students with learning disabilities as they are equally accountable to meeting general math curriculum requirements. Project SMART provided digital versions of math textbooks modified to include MathML for use by eighth grade students with various learning disabilities. A goal of Project SMART was to determine whether these accessible digital textbooks improved student test performance as compared to control groups using the same texts in print format with a traditional oral accommodation. The study also examined the extent to which using accessible math impacted student perceptions about math abilities. Students and most teachers found the accessible digital textbooks preferable to the print versions. This was generally reflected in higher test scores as well as consistently positive responses from qualitative measures obtained from ongoing student and teacher surveys.

show abstract

The Architecture of a Comprehensive Equation Browser for the Print Impaired

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Development and Initial Evaluation of the ClearSpeak Style for Automated Speaking of Algebra

Development and Initial Evaluation of the ClearSpeak Style for Automated Speaking of Algebra

Translating MathML into Nemeth Braille Code

Using accessible math textbooks with students who have learning disabilities

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About