While many studies explain how social science theories shape social reality, few reflect critically on how such theories should shape social reality. Drawing on a new conception of social welfare and focusing on financial regulation, we assess the performative effects of theories on public policy. We delineate how research that focuses narrowly on questions of efficiency and stability reinforces today's technocratic financial regulation that undermines social welfare. As a remedy, we outline how future management research can tackle questions of social justice and thereby promote an inclusive approach to financial regulation that better serves social welfare. Copyright of the Academy of Management, all rights reserved. Contents may not be copied, emailed, posted to a listserv, or otherwise transmitted without the copyright holder's express written permission. Users may print, download, or email articles for individual use only. 1 Monism does not preclude the possibility that many factors are relevant to social welfare. For example, as the editor kindly reminded us, some economists stress that factors related to stability and justice are as important for happiness as material wealth (Easterlin, 1974; Layard, 2011). Monism simply means that all these factors are commensurable and can be added up to a single measure (e.g., money or happiness).