“…Recently, the research of constructal optimization mainly focuses on various single-objective optimization problems, including time minimization [1,68], profit rate maximization [11], cost minimization [11,12], maximum temperature difference minimization [69][70][71][72][73][74], heat transfer rate maximization [75], fluid flow resistance minimization [76], heat flux maximization [77,78], path length minimization [79], exergy loss minimization [80], electrical resistance minimization [81], power maximization [82], entransy dissipation rate minimization [33,34,36,38,46,49,[51][52][53][54], etc. The research of multi-objective optimization includes the optimization of convective heat transfer by taking fluid flow resistance minimization and thermal resistance minimization into account simultaneously [83,84] and various tree-shaped heat exchangers [85][86][87], the optimization of hot water pipe network by taking pumping power minimization and heat loss minimization into account simultaneously [88], the optimization of solid-gas chemical reactor by taking high density of chemical reaction and low pumping power into account simultaneously [89,90], etc.…”