The Argasidae of North America, Central America and Cuba

Abstract

Ornilhodoros eremicus Cooley and Kohls 40 Ornilhodoros coriaceus Koch 42 Ornilhodoros hermsi Wheeler, Herms, and Meyer Ornilhodoros nicollei Mooser Ornilhodoros cooleyi Mclvor 52 Ornilhodoros luricuta (Duges) Ornilhodoros parf(eri Cooley 62 Ornilhodoros vumalensis Cooley and Kohls 74 Ornilhodoros brodvi Matheson Ornilhodoros talaje (Guerin-Meneville) Ornilhodoros concanensis Cooley and Kohls Ornilhodoros stageri Cooley and Kohls "I Ornilhodoros dveri Cooley and Kohls Ornilhodoros amblus Chamberhn Ornilhodoros rudis Karsch 101 Ornilhodoros dunni Matheson Ornilhodoros viguerasi Cooley and Kohls Ornilhodoros azteci Matheson Genus Antricola Cooley and Kohls Key to Species of Antricola Antricola coprophilus (Mcintosh) Antricola marginatum (Banks) Plates 1 to 14 Classified List of Hosts 141 Geographical Distribution of Species 144 Bibliography 146 Index be long or very short. Fig. 52 H. Camerostome: The depression or cavity in which the capitulum lies, and usually less definite in much engorged specimens. Capitulum : The movable anterior portion of the body including the mouth parts. The "head" or "false head" of some authors. Cheeks: Paired flaps at the sides of the camerostome, which may be either fixed or movable; the "movable cheeks" of some writers. Fig. 1, C. Chelicerae: Paired mouth parts for piercing the skin, lying dorsally on the hypostome and completing the more or less cylindrical mouth parts that are inserted when the tick feeds. CLUBBED Hairs: Hairs which do not taper and are terminally enlarged. Color: The color is greatly affected by ingested blood. At first there is a reddish tinge resulting from the fresh haemoglobin but in a few hours this changes to dark gray. During the subsequent process of depletion the changing color of the blood gradually loses its effect and only the natural color of the body wall remains. Color is much affected when the specimen is placed in preserving fluid; also those preserved soon after feeding appear different from those preserved after having been depleted for weeks or months. Thus, since the color is not dependable, it is usually not mentioned in describing the Argasidae. Corona: The apical portion of the hypostome which is differentiated from the remainder by having very small denticles which may be numerous or few in number. Coxae : The sequence of the coxae from anterior to posterior is indicated in Roman numerals thus, I, II, III, and IV. Fig. 1, B. ADULT Body.-Usually oval, wider behind; sometimes almost elliptical. Margins composed of irregular quadrangular plates or cells which often have one or more circular pits. In some specimens a very small, short, fine hair is visible arising frcm some of the pits. Like reflexus this species varies greatly in size. Nuttall et al. give size ranging from 4.0 x 2.5 to 12.7 long. Specimens in the collections of the Rocky Mountain Laboratory show sizes within the range published. Integument.-Surface of dorsum and venter with numerous rounded or sinuous, shining wrinkles. In some specimens the sinuous elevations are unusually lo...

Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever Spirochetes in the Americas

“…Species of RF spirochetes circulate in an infectious cycle between the mammalian host and argasid or ixodid ticks. Salient differences between the biology of the two tick vectors are summarized in Table 1 [ 1 , 40 , 41 ], and ABRF and IBRF spirochetes have likely evolved unique mechanisms for vector colonization and mammalian infection. Currently, the life cycle of ABRF spirochetes within the mammal and tick is more defined than IBRF spirochetes ( B. miyamotoi ), and will be further reviewed.…”

“…In North America, the Ornithodoros vectors for ABRF spirochetes are distributed in endemic foci in Western Canada and the United States, across the southern portion of the country into Mexico [ 40 ]. There are four likely argasid tick vectors of RF spirochetes that cause human disease, Ornithodoros parkeri , Ornithodoros hermsi , Ornithodoros turicata , and Ornithodoros talaje , which transmit B. parkeri , B. hermsii , B. turicatae , and B. mazzottii , respectively.…”

“…The ecology of B. hermsii and the tick vector is the most studied and defined of the RF spirochete species in the Americas [ 48 , 68 , 69 , 70 ]. Throughout the Western United States and Southern British Columbia O. hermsi is distributed above elevations of 900 m [ 13 , 40 , 71 ] ( Figure 4 ). The spirochetes circulate in enzootic cycles between ticks and rodents, with evidence that woodrats ( Neotoma spp.…”

An Ixodes minor and Borrelia carolinensis enzootic cycle involving a critically endangered Mojave Desert rodent

“…)(Neumann 1902), was considered an invalid species in 1945 because of the lack of corroborating data (Cooley and Kohls 1945), rediscovered in Georgia as I. bishoppi (Smith and Gouck 1947), and then re-established with I. bishoppi as a junior synonym in 1961 (Clifford et al. 1961).…”

“…1990) with larvae viewed under a compound microscope in a depression slide as well as a dissecting microscope before identification was confirmed. For further evaluation of tick morphology, we utilized an expanded set of resources from east of the Rocky Mountains (Cooley and Kohls 1945; Clifford et al. 1961; Keirans and Clifford 1978).…”