The ARIEL mission reference sample

Zingalès, Tiziano; Tinetti, Giovanna; Pillitteri, I.; Leconte, Jérémy; Micela, G.; Sarkar, Subhajit

doi:10.1007/s10686-018-9572-7

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…To generate an indicative core mission sample observable by ARIEL in 2028 during its four year mission, a list of targets with different stellar types (F, G, K, M) and planetary parameters (size: Jupiters, Neptunes, sub-Neptunes, super-Earths, Earth-size; different temperatures) has been created [264]. This list was compiled using the statistics provided by the NASA Kepler mission combined with the number/types of stars in the Solar neighbourhood (Fressin et al [85]).…”

Section: Ariel Tier 1: Exoplanet Population Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…33). From Zingales et al [264]. Left: spectral types and metallicity of the stars hosting the planet candidates observable by ARIEL in Tier 1 modality (Pillitteri and Micela [178]) available (see e.g.…”

Section: Ariel Tier 1: Exoplanet Population Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The graph shows how the ARIEL 3 Tiers, i.e. Reconnaissance Survey, Deep Survey and Benchmark planets are nested [264] bright host stars ( [95]; Cowan et al [56,25]). Faint targets can be observed in 2 passes, provided they do not saturate NIRSpec near 1-2 μm (see Fig.…”

Section: The Ariel Mission Reference Sample In 2028mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tier 1 planets plotted as a function of size versus planetary density (top) and planetary versus stellar temperature (bottom)[264] …”

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confidence: 99%

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A chemical survey of exoplanets with ARIEL

et al. 2018

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Thousands of exoplanets have now been discovered with a huge range of masses, sizes and orbits: from rocky Earth-like planets to large gas giants grazing the surface of their host star. However, the essential nature of these exoplanets remains largely mysterious: there is no known, discernible pattern linking the presence, size, or orbital parameters of a planet to the nature of its parent star. We have little idea whether the chemistry of a planet is linked to its formation environment, or whether the type of host star drives the physics and chemistry of the planet's birth, and evolution. ARIEL was conceived to observe a large number (~1000) of transiting planets for statistical understanding, including gas giants, Neptunes, super-Earths and Earth-size planets around a range of host star types using transit spectroscopy in the 1.25-7.8 μm spectral range and multiple narrow-band photometry in the optical. ARIEL will focus on warm and hot planets to take advantage of their well-mixed atmospheres which should show minimal condensation and sequestration of high-Z materials compared to their colder Solar System siblings. Said warm and hot atmospheres are expected to be more representative of the planetary bulk composition. Observations of these warm/hot exoplanets, and in particular of their elemental composition (especially C, O, N, S, Si), will allow the understanding of the early stages of planetary and atmospheric formation during the nebular phase and the following few million years. ARIEL will thus provide a representative picture of the chemical nature of the exoplanets and relate this directly to the type and chemical environment of the host star. ARIEL is designed as a dedicated survey mission for combined-light spectroscopy, capable of observing a large and welldefined planet sample within its 4-year mission lifetime. Transit, eclipse and phasecurve spectroscopy methods, whereby the signal from the star and planet are differentiated using knowledge of the planetary ephemerides, allow us to measure atmospheric signals from the planet at levels of 10-100 part per million (ppm) relative to the star and, given the bright nature of targets, also allows more sophisticated techniques, such as eclipse mapping, to give a deeper insight into the nature of the atmosphere. These types of observations require a stable payload and satellite platform with broad, instantaneous wavelength coverage to detect many molecular species, probe the thermal structure, identify clouds and monitor the stellar activity. The wavelength range proposed covers all the expected major atmospheric gases from e.g. H 2 O, CO 2 , CH 4 NH 3 , HCN, H 2 S through to the more exotic metallic compounds, such as TiO, VO, and condensed species. Simulations of ARIEL performance in conducting exoplanet surveys have been performedusing conservative estimates of mission performance and a

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Section: Ariel Tier 1: Exoplanet Population Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ariel Tier 1: Exoplanet Population Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Ariel Mission Reference Sample In 2028mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tier 1 planets plotted as a function of size versus planetary density (top) and planetary versus stellar temperature (bottom)[264] …”

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confidence: 99%

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A chemical survey of exoplanets with ARIEL

et al. 2018

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“…A static radiometric model was used to determine the signal-to-noise achievable for transit and occultation observations of individual and samples of targets. Based on conservative assumptions of the achievable mission/instrument performance, as appropriate to study phase, it was shown that the requirements on the numbers and diversity of targets in the ARIEL core sample could readily be met [5]. Known targets already make up a diverse sample of exoplanets and host stars, with a pool from which the targets could be drawn that will continue to increase in breadth and number with the results of ongoing ground-based and space-based surveys as well as future planned space missions, in particular by the NASA TESS mission, to be launched in early 2018 [6].…”

Section: The Target Listmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Phase A study of the ESA M4 mission candidate ARIEL

et al. 2018

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ARIEL, the Atmospheric Remote sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large survey, is one of the three M-class mission candidates competing for the M4 launch slot within the Cosmic Vision science programme of the European Space Agency (ESA). As such, ARIEL has been the subject of a Phase A study that involved European industry, research institutes and universities from ESA member states. This study is now completed and the M4 down-selection is expected to be concluded in November 2017. ARIEL is a concept for a dedicated mission to measure the chemical composition and structure of hundreds of exoplanet atmospheres using the technique of transit spectroscopy. ARIEL targets extend from gas giants (Jupiter or Neptune-like) to super-Earths in the very hot to warm zones of F to M-type host stars, opening up the way to large-scale, comparative planetology that would place our own Solar System in the context of other planetary systems in the Milky Way. A technical and programmatic review of the ARIEL mission was performed between February and May 2017, with the objective of assessing the readiness of the mission to progress to the Phase B1 study. No critical issues were identified and the mission was deemed technically feasible within the M4 programmatic boundary conditions. In this paper we give an overview of the final mission concept for ARIEL as of the end of the Phase A study, from scientific, technical and operational perspectives.

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Effect of clouds on emission spectra for super Venus

Wolkenberg

Turrini

2022

Astrophys Space Sci

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We report a model study on the effects of clouds on emission spectra of super-Venus planets. Our goal is to assess possible ways to identify characteristic spectral features due to clouds. We show that it is possible to distinguish an impact of H2SO4 clouds on the CO2 absorption band at 4.8 μm for temperature profiles with and without a thermal inversion. The thermal inversion can help to distinguish the signal from high altitude clouds (85 km, ∼1 mbar). Featureless emission spectra are found for high altitude clouds (85 km, ∼1 mbar) with temperature profile without thermal inversion. More spectral features appear in the emission spectra with decreasing cloud top altitudes. The compactness of clouds has an inverse effect on emission spectra than cloud top altitudes. Small cloud scale heights reduce the signal and the CO2 absorption bands become flat.

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The ARIEL mission reference sample

Cited by 28 publications

References 18 publications

A chemical survey of exoplanets with ARIEL

A chemical survey of exoplanets with ARIEL

The Phase A study of the ESA M4 mission candidate ARIEL

Effect of clouds on emission spectra for super Venus

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