The art and science of water rinsing

Mooney, Ted

doi:10.1016/s0026-0576(00)80319-0

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…For this reason, the ED cost data are uncertain, particularly the exponent. An improvement could be made to the rinsing model by considering the nonideal operation by adding a "backwash factor", because counterflow rinsing may show a backwashing behavior (7).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This parameter is the ratio of the initial and final concentrations of target compounds present in the drag-out associated with the workpiece. The most frequent value of RC is 1000, and this value has been reported for many applications (7). To assess the effect of this criterion on optimal design and costs, the RC used in this study was varied between 500 and 50 000.…”

Section: Structural Representation Of a Zero-water Dischargementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present work follows the process integration approach mentioned above and also includes zero-water discharge as a constraint for the synthesis of a closed-loop recycling system. Emphasis was put on rinsing and recycling systems because they are widespread in industry (7). Rinsing has to be applied if a film of the process solution clings to the workpieces (so-called drag-out) and has to be diluted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal Design of Zero-Water Discharge Rinsing Systems

Thöming

2002

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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This paper is about zero liquid discharge in processes that use water for rinsing. Emphasis was given to those systems that contaminate process water with valuable process liquor and compounds. The approach involved the synthesis of optimal rinsing and recycling networks (RRN) that had a priori excluded water discharge. The total annualized costs of the RRN were minimized by the use of a mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP). This MINLP was based on a hyperstructure of the RRN and contained eight counterflow rinsing stages and three regenerator units: electrodialysis, reverse osmosis, and ion exchange columns. A "large-scale nickel plating process" case study showed that by means of zero-water discharge and optimized rinsing the total waste could be reduced by 90.4% at a revenue of $448,000/yr. Furthermore, with the optimized RRN, the rinsing performance can be improved significantly at a low-cost increase. In all the cases, the amount of valuable compounds reclaimed was above 99%.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structural Representation Of a Zero-water Dischargementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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